UK-led Hormuz talks demand ‘immediate’ reopening of Hormuz

Source: Radio New Zealand

By Peter Hutchison and Helen Rowe, AFP with aditional reporting from RNZ

A Marine Traffic map showing ship movements in the Strait of Hormuz. AFP / JONATHAN RAA

New Zealand High Commissioner to the UK, Hamish Cooper, has attended a meeting discussing joint action to reopen the Strait of Hormuz.

In a statement from a spokesperson for Minister of Foreign Affairs Winston Peters, the discussions were ” collaborative and provided a useful opportunity to discuss diplomatic and political options for restoring freedom of navigation and the free movement of vital commodities through the Strait of Hormuz, including how countries might work together to achieve this.”

The statement also said the coming together of 40 countries for the meeting demonstrated “strong international agreement on the urgent need to restore freedom of navigation and see the Strait of Hormuz reopened.

It also alluded to the impacts felt in New Zealand due to the Strait being shut, saying it is directly impacting New Zealand’s economy and leading to higher fuel prices.

The statement said New Zealand will continue to work with partners to “identify a constructive way forward”, and that the talks are in line with “our longstanding commitment to freedom of navigation,” and reflects “the critical importance of this region to New Zealand’s economy.”

The meeting, hosted by the UK, included France, Germany, Canada, the United Arab Emirates and India.

The US did not attend the meeting.

The meeting wrapped up on Thursday (local time) with a demand for the “immediate and unconditional” reopening of the vital shipping route, but no immediate breakthrough.

“Iran is trying to hold the global economy hostage in the Strait of Hormuz. They must not prevail,” British foreign minister Yvette Cooper said in a statement.

“To that effect, partners today called for the immediate and unconditional reopening of the Strait and respect for the fundamental principles of freedom of navigation and the law of the sea,” she added.

The strait has been virtually closed since the US-Israeli war against Iran started on February 28, impacting global supplies of important commodities including oil, liquid natural gas, and fertiliser.

That has led to a sharp rise in energy prices.

The foreign ministers and representatives who joined the call discussed a range of areas of “possible collective, coordinated, action,” Cooper added.

This could include increased diplomatic pressure, including through the UN, as well as possible sanctions, she said.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) meanwhile called Thursday for the UN Security Council to authorise the use of force to protect the key waterway.

Bahrain has proposed a draft resolution that would greenlight states to use “all necessary means” to assure free transit through the Strait of Hormuz.

However, the measure has divided the 15-member Security Council, with Russia, China and France — who each hold veto privileges — all voicing strong objections.

Italy’s Foreign Minister Antonio Tajanialso, who joined the virtual talks, called for a “humanitarian corridor” for fertiliser and other essentials through the strait to avoid a food disaster in Africa.

Cooper earlier slammed Iran’s “recklessness” over the strait as she kicked off the virtual meeting.

She said Iran’s blockade of the waterway was “hitting our global economic security”.

Around a fifth of the world’s oil and liquefied natural gas passes through the strait in peacetime.

A total of 37 countries have signed a statement, first published last month, expressing “readiness to contribute to appropriate efforts to ensure safe passage through” the shipping lane.

Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the Netherlands are among those to have signed it.

The United States, China, and most Middle Eastern countries have not, according to a list provided by the UK government.

‘Unrealistic’

A spokesperson for the French foreign ministry said securing the Strait of Hormuz could “only take place once the intense phase of the bombing is over”.

French President Emmanuel Macron, speaking on a visit to South Korea, said a military operation to liberate the Strait of Hormuz was “unrealistic”, while lamenting Trump’s differing daily statements on the Iran war and NATO.

“There are those who advocate for the liberation of the Strait of Hormuz by force through a military operation, a position sometimes expressed by the United States,” Macron said.

“I say sometimes because it has varied, it is never the option we have chosen and we consider it unrealistic,” he said.

The virtual meeting hosted by Britain came after Trump urged oil-importing nations to show “courage” and seize the narrow strait.

“The countries of the world that … receive oil through the Hormuz Strait must take care of that passage,” Trump said in a prime-time address late Wednesday.

“Just take it, protect it, use it for yourselves,” he added.

Trump has said he would consider a ceasefire only when Hormuz is “free and clear”.

Many countries have however insisted any operation to protect seafarers using the strait could only come after a ceasefire.

“We are also convening military planners to look at how we marshal our collective defensive military capabilities, including looking at issues such as de-mining,” Cooper told Thursday’s meeting.

The channel normally sees around 120 daily transits, according to shipping industry intelligence site Lloyd’s List.

But since March 1, commodities carriers have made just 225 crossings, according to maritime intelligence firm Kpler, a 94-percent decrease on peacetime.

-AFP

(Additional reporting by RNZ)

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Two arrested after kidnapping, robbery in Auckland

Source: Radio New Zealand

Two women have been charged after a kidnapping and aggravated robbery. RNZ / REECE BAKER

Police have arrested and charged two women after a kidnapping and aggravated robbery in Botany earlier this week.

Detective Senior Sergeant Dean Batey said on Tuesday, a woman was allegedly kidnapped in her own vehicle from outside a shopping centre on Chapel Road, Botany.

A 20 year-old and a 32-year-old are both due to appear in Manukau District Court on Saturday.

They are facing charges of kidnapping, aggravated robbery and injuring with intent to injure.

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ER Report: A Roundup of Significant Articles on EveningReport.nz for April 3, 2026

ER Report: Here is a summary of significant articles published on EveningReport.nz on April 3, 2026.

US bombing targets bridges and Pasteur Institute – ‘symbols of Iran’s scientific strength’, says spokeswoman
Al Mayadeen English An Iranian government spokesperson, Fatemeh Mohajerani, has declared that the attacked “bridges and the Pasteur Institute are symbols of Iran’s scientific strength” in response to the latest US onslaught. She added that they were “the product of a civilisation that spans thousands of years” and that “its depth is hard to grasp

Bumblebees can perceive rhythm, despite their brains being the size of a sesame seed
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Andrew Barron, Professor, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University Humans are creatures of rhythms. As far as we know, humans have always sung and always danced. We can recognise a song by its rhythm alone, regardless of whether it is played fast or slow. We seem to

Grattan on Friday: A future plan on fuel should be central to Albanese government’s reform agenda
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michelle Grattan, Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra Using one lens, you could view the present contest between the Albanese government and the Taylor-Canavan opposition as pragmatism versus populism. A week ago the opposition, which perennially berates the government for economic irresponsibility, urged a cut in the fuel

Fuel prices are driving more Australians to EVs – and secondhand cars are in high demand
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Scott Dwyer, Research Director, Energy Futures, University of Technology Sydney As conflict in the Middle East sends diesel and petrol prices skyrocketing, more and more Australians and New Zealanders are showing interest in electric vehicles. But is this translating to sales? March data shows the answer is

Do trans women have an advantage in sport? The genetics of sex are complex
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Jenny Graves, Distinguished Professor of Genetics and Vice Chancellor’s Fellow, La Trobe University Last week, the International Olympic Committee announced it will determine whether athletes are eligible for women’s events by mandating a once-in-a-lifetime screening for the male-determining gene, SRY. But this new rule raises many questions

‘Small and underwhelming’: Albanese’s gambling reforms won’t do much to reduce harm
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Samantha Thomas, Professor of Public Health, Deakin University More than 1,000 days after the release of the Murphy report, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has finally announced decisive action on tackling gambling advertising in Australia. In mid-2023, the late Labor MP Peta Murphy presented a report that recommended

In the age of AI, why do Australian company boards have so few technology experts?
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Natalie Elms, Senior Lecturer, School of Accountancy, Queensland University of Technology The global economy is undergoing major transformation as artificial intelligence (AI) filters into almost every industry – reshaping business models and investment decisions. For those who sit on a company’s board, setting overall strategy and holding

An ancient oracle warned invading Persia would backfire – from Croesus to Trump, rulers have failed to listen
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Peter Edwell, Associate Professor in Ancient History, Macquarie University Invasions of ancient Persia were always daunting tasks. They often led to disaster. In the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, the Persian empire came to dominate a vast and varied geography with Iran at its heart. Comprising modern

Easter has a soundtrack just like Christmas, so why do we never hear it?
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Wendy Hargreaves, Academic in the School of Education and Creative Arts, University of Southern Queensland You can’t visit the shops around Christmas time without hearing Feliz Navidad, Silent Night, or Mariah Carey’s All I Want for Christmas is You. So why was Kate Ceberano’s song Bedroom Eyes

Winter crops need to be sown – but Australia’s farmers are worried about fertilisers and fuel
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Marit E. Kragt, Professor of Agricultural Economics, The University of Western Australia War in the Middle East has put a spotlight on the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow sea passage through which 20% of global oil supply is shipped. But far less attention has been paid to

Apps pressure delivery riders into courting danger – here’s what needs to change
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Andres Fielbaum, Lecturer in Transport, University of Sydney Picture this: you’re competing in a time-trial cycling race along a route that’s not known in advance. Instead of following a marked course, you receive instructions via notifications on your mobile phone. Looking at your phone while cycling is

How to enjoy Easter chocolate without wrecking your sleep
Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Charlotte Gupta, Sleep Researcher, Appleton Institute, HealthWise Research Group, CQUniversity Australia Easter is here and chocolate is everywhere – crowding shop shelves, piling up on desks, and likely already sitting in your pantry. But if you’ve been finding it harder to sleep recently, late-night Easter eggs could

NZ, allies express ‘deep concern’ about Israeli death penalty bill for Palestinians
By Lillian Hanly, RNZ News political reporter New Zealand has joined Australia, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom in expressing “deep concern” about an Israeli bill expanding the death penalty for Palestinians. Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters posted on social media last night, indicating New Zealand had joined the other nations, and emphasising the

ER Report: A Roundup of Significant Articles on EveningReport.nz for April 2, 2026
ER Report: Here is a summary of significant articles published on EveningReport.nz on April 2, 2026.

Kids Unplugged struck a nerve at our dinner table

Source: Radio New Zealand

It didn’t take long to see evidence that Kids Unplugged had gotten into the brain of my seven-year-old son.

The new RNZ web series promotes life outside – mountain biking, sailing, wild kai foraging, etc – away from devices. It’s hosted by the Steel brothers – Malachi (15), Judah (12) and Ezra (7), from the Bay of Plenty.

“Mum, are a lot of kids addicted to screens?” my son asked over dinner a few days after watching the six-part series with me.

This video is hosted on Youtube.

Report outlines damage to Moa Point sewage treatment plant

Source: Radio New Zealand

Signs on Wellington’s South Coast about the wastewater spill. RNZ / Samuel Rillstone

The flooding of the Moa Point sewage treatment plant damaged its ”heart and nervous system”, Wellington Water says.

The catastrophic failure of the plant led to the significant, months-long discharge of untreated wastewater off Wellington’s South Coast.

In its latest update about the breakdown, Wellington Water said the February flooding of the plant damaged critical mechanical equipment, ”…including the odour treatment, sludge pumping and aeration equipment. Electrical damage included the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), MCC (Motor Control Centre) systems, control instruments and cabling – essentially the heart and nervous system of the treatment plant.”

The water services provider said the scale of the damage was such that 14.5 kilometres of cables would need to be repaired or replaced.

Wellington Water said the damage assessment was done for insurance purposes and a final report would be made public ”as soon as appropriate”.

”The report may need to be reviewed as part of any potential insurance claim/s before being released to the public.”

The plant’s failure continues to see untreated sewage discharged into the sea, almost two months since its breakdown.

In an earlier report released by Wellington City Council, it outlined the failure may have been caused by air trapped in the pipes.

Wellington Water commissioned the engineering report on 5 February – the day after the failure – to understand how the plant could be operated during the recovery.

Experts from Stantec used software to develop a hydraulic model of the plant, and replicated the likely flow of water running through the plant when it failed.

While the report was not commissioned to identify the cause, it had revealed valuable information, Wellington Mayor Andrew Little’s office said at the time.

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US bombing targets bridges and Pasteur Institute – ‘symbols of Iran’s scientific strength’, says spokeswoman

Al Mayadeen English

An Iranian government spokesperson, Fatemeh Mohajerani, has declared that the attacked “bridges and the Pasteur Institute are symbols of Iran’s scientific strength” in response to the latest US onslaught.

She added that they were “the product of a civilisation that spans thousands of years” and that “its depth is hard to grasp for those who speak the language of the ‘Stone Age.’”

“For a land that has lit the lamps of knowledge for centuries, these threats carry only one meaning: you can strike the infrastructure, but you will not touch the roots of a nation . . .

“Iran will rebuild and continue moving forward,” Mohajerani said.

This comes as the United States and Israel have escalated their attacks on civilian infrastructure in Iran, destroying a historical medical research facility, as well as a vital bridge connecting the capital to other regions in the country.

The illegal and unprovoked US-Israeli war of aggression on Iran has targeted and destroyed the Pasteur Institute of Iran, one of the country’s leading public health and research institutions, in a direct attack on civilian and scientific infrastructure in the country.

In numbers — human cost of the war on Iran:

  • Iran: 1937 killed; 24,800 wounded
  • Lebanon: 1345 killed, including 125 children; more than 4040 wounded
  • Israel: 28 killed (all but one were civilians), including 10 Israeli soldiers killed in Lebanon, 3223 injuries hospitalised
  • US: 13 killed in combat and two of non-combat causes, more than 200 injured
  • Occupied West Bank: Four people killed
  • UAE: 12 killed, 169 injured
  • Bahrain: 3 killed
  • Saudi Arabia: 2 killed, 20 injured
  • Kuwait: 6 killed
  • Oman: 3 killed
  • Qatar: 16 injured
  • Jordan: 20 injured
  • Syria: 4 killed
  • Iraq: More than 107 killed
Casualties in the US-Israel war on Iran, 2 April 2026. Graphic: Al Jazeera’s live tracker statistics (CC).

Article by AsiaPacificReport.nz

Is fuel support going to the right places?

Source: Radio New Zealand

Fuel prices had been rising fast in recent weeks. (File photo) AFP / ROBERT MICHAEL

Essential workers in some parts of the country face much higher fuel bills than in others, new data shows – and it has raised questions about how support should be targeted.

Simplicity chief economist Shamubeel Eaqub has compiled data showing the average commute of workers across a range of industries around the country.

It shows healthcare and social assistance workers in Southland, Central Otago, Westland, Hurunui, Kaikoura, Central Hawkes’ Bay and Wairoa have some of the longest average commutes in the country.

Even within Auckland, typical commutes varied. Healthcare workers in Waitemata had the longest average commute, and areas such as Waitakere, the Puketapapa local board area and Whau local board area had the shortest.

For education and training, Hurunui, central Hawkes Bay and Southland feature again, as well as areas such as Clutha.

Eaqub said the data some areas would be more exposed to fuel price rises than others. “It’s all happening piecemeal… like nurses need help or the fire service needs help but it’s so specific and it kind of misses that geographic aspect.

“What I was trying to get at is who are the essential workers, and how far did they travel, where are those people based?

“Where people can work and live in the same area, that’s awesome. When you can, it’s wonderful. But it’s those people, the nurses who have to drive for 40 minutes or whatever to get to work everyday. That is an unbearable cost and burden on those people.”

He said that raised questions about how support could be targeted more precisely.

“How do we get that overlap right? We don’t expect some kind of handout for people to get to work every single day but people who have to travel for their work and they’re essential, why aren’t they being looked after?”

Rural essential sectors have double burden, economist says

Otago University economist Murat Ungor agreed rising fuel prices did not affect regions equally.

“Across several districts, the data suggest that essential workers in rural and provincial areas drive more than double the distance of their urban counterparts.

“For example, essential workers in the Mackenzie District travel an average of 15.8 km, in the Southland District 16.4 km, and in Central Otago 13.7 km, all predominantly rural districts. In contrast, essential workers in Dunedin City travel 6.3 km, in Porirua City 7.1 km, and in Hamilton City 7.2 km. This means an essential worker in Mackenzie or Southland drives more than twice as far as one in Dunedin.”

He said rural essential sectors had a double burden.

“Those most critical to the rural economy, particularly agriculture, have the longest commutes, while urban essential sectors such as health and education have shorter ones. In Southland, agricultural workers commute 16.5 km; in Central Otago, 15.8 km; and in Waitaki, 16.0 km. By comparison, in Dunedin City, health care and social assistance employees commute 5.9 km, while in Wellington City, education and training employees commute 7.4 km.

“One may argue, using these comparisons, that the workers putting food on the country’s table are the ones driving the farthest. A fuel or diesel price spike therefore directly increases both the cost of food production and the cost of living for the very people who produce it.”

He said essential workers in many areas had no practical alternative to driving so they were not able to avoid being subject to fuel price volatility.

“In the Gore District, 82 percent of essential workers in public administration and safety drive…In Invercargill City, the figure is also 82 percent. In Hamilton City, 83 percent of manufacturing workers drive, and in Tauranga City, 81 percent of transport workers drive. By contrast, in Wellington City, only 27 percent of essential workers in public administration drive.

This is perhaps the clearest evidence of geographic inequality. An essential worker in Gore or Hamilton has no choice but to pay whatever the pump price is. An essential worker in Wellington, by contrast, has a viable escape hatch through public transport or walking, insulating them from the worst of the price shock.”

Wellington workers were not necessarily travelling shorter distances but they had more options.

He said fuel vulnerability was not just a rural issue but a transport inequality one shaped by where people worked, how far they travelled and whether they had a realistic alternative.

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Crash closes section of SH1 near Ashburton

Source: Radio New Zealand

A crash has closed a section of SH1. Screenshot/Google Maps

A crash has closed a section of State Highway One in mid-Canterbury.

New Zealand Transport Agency said the crash happened near the intersection with Chertsey Kyle Road, between Ashburton and Rakaia.

The highway is closed between the intersections with Elizabeth Avenue and Somerton Road.

Traffic is being diverted.

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Three arrested after armed police attend incident in Petone

Source: Radio New Zealand

A police car seen behind a cordon as officers attend an incident. RNZ

Police closed off two roads in Petone as part of their response to reports of a person with a possible firearm being seen in a street.

Three people have now been taken into custody, a police spokesperson said.

Emergency services were called at around 7.20am to the Lower Hutt suburb, and armed police were quickly deployed as a precaution.

Roads from East Street to Waione Street were closed in the area and the public were asked to stay away during the incident but they are open now with cordons and diversions removed.

Officers are continuing to investigate the matter.

Police are thanking the public for their patience if their Easter holiday weekend was slightly disrupted while emergency services worked at the scene.

They say they can reassure the community that there appears to be no further concerns, and officers will remain present around the area.

Google Maps

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Primary teachers’ union NZEI says still gains in new deal, despite same salary settings

Source: Radio New Zealand

The union had hoped to negotiate a payment to acknowledge the extra work involved in implementing the new curriculum but was unsuccesful. 123RF

The primary teachers’ union says there have been gains in the deal its members accepted following drawn out bargaining, despite the salary settings being the same as an earlier offer.

Educational Institute Te Riu Roa primary teacher members agreed to a 2.5 percent pay rise with a further 2.1 percent in January next year.

Public Service Commissioner Sir Brian Roche said the pay increase was the same as was offered in December and the delay had cost primary teachers about $550 each.

NZEI Te Riu Roa primary teacher leader and bargaining team member Barb Curran said if the ministry had made the new offer earlier, a settlement could have been reached sooner.

She said there were gains in the final deal, including an increase to the camp allowance, funds for training and parity with secondary school teachers over allowances for extra duties.

“We will finally at the very end of the term of this have our management units be worth the same as a secondary unit. That’s been a point of contention for some time and an anomaly that no-one could satisfactorily explain.”

NZEI Te Riu Roa primary teacher leader and bargaining team member Barb Curran. Supplied / NZEI

The value of a unit would increase from $4500 to $5250 by October 2028.

Around 60 percent of teachers qualified for extra duty payments, Curran said.

“We’re also pleased we’ve got some opportunity for our relievers to do some professional learning and development – you could argue that should be business as usual, that the government would be providing professional learning for all teachers, but our relievers have been missing out, so we’re pleased for them.”

The union had hoped to negotiate a payment to acknowledge the extra work involved in implementing the new curriculum but was unsuccesful, she said.

“We had hoped for some sort of recognition of that work. Primary principals received a lump sum to recognise that work towards the curriculum changes, and we were hoping primary teachers who were actually in the classroom doing the work would be offered something to recognise that.”

Curran said it was frustrating the pay offer was below inflation, especially when there were huge increases in costs around fuel that were seeping into other areas.

“But our members have made the decision, so we’ll move on. We have other things we need to work towards in the education sector.”

It had been a long, difficult bargaining period, including scathing public critiques of teachers by senior government ministers and an unprecedented offer to non-union members ahead of settlement, Curran said.

Public Service Commissioner Sir Brian Roche said the pay increase was the same as was offered in December. Reece Baker/RNZ

The union requested Employment Relations Authority intervention over the stalled pay talks earlier this year after rejecting a mediated offer it described as mostly unchanged from the rejected December offer.

Following facilitated bargaining, a proposed settlement was put to NZEI members late last month.

Under the terms of the settlement, teachers on the top two steps of the salary scale would receive a cumulative pay increase of 4.7 percent by January next year.

This meant teachers at the top of the pay scale would see their base salary increase to $107,886 per annum.

Teachers moving up the pay scale would continue to receive annual increases along with a cumulative 4.6 percent pay increase by January next year.

Secondary teachers accepted a similiar deal in December and primary school principals accepted an offer in February.

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Police car rammed as two flee police pursuit in Auckland

Source: Radio New Zealand

Police have arrested two people after an incident in St Lukes, Auckland. RNZ / Marika Khabazi

Police have arrested a person in Auckland after they rammed a police car and attempted to flee.

Inspector Keki Wilson said shortly before 10am on Good Friday police noticed a vehicle near Victor Street and Great North Road in St Lukes because of the way the car was being driven.

Wilson said police signalled for the vehicle to stop but “the driver failed to do so and fled, ramming a police vehicle, then continuing to flee”.

No one was injured and the vehicle only sustained minor damage, Wilson said.

The police Eagle helicopter assisted in tracking the vehicle to a location near St Lukes’ mall.

The passenger got out of the vehicle and was taken into custody, however the driver of the vehicle fled on foot.

A police dog unit followed the man, while the Eagle helicopter monitored from above, Wilson said.

A 33-year-old man was arrested in the St Lukes Mall carpark.

Inspector Wilson said inquiries were ongoing.

Meanwhile, police are encouraging members of the public to report any unsafe driving they see on roads this Easter holiday weekend.

“We encourage all road users to be safe on our roads,” Wilson said.

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Ronald Hills had ‘three drinks’ before he fatally crashed into a speeding motorcyclist in Hamilton

Source: Radio New Zealand

Ronald Kelvin David Hills, 63, was sentenced to 11 months and two weeks of home detention. NZME / Belinda Feek

A man who fatally crashed into a speeding motorcyclist had three drinks at the pub after a “busy day selling items” before he got behind the wheel.

Ronald Kelvin David Hills’ “momentary lapse of judgment” saw him turn in front of the father of three, Richard Chase, who was travelling on his motorbike at up to 90km/h on a 50km/h Hamilton street.

Chase’s death has devastated his family, who have now told Judge Gordon Matenga just how traumatic the past 11 months have been for them.

Hills, who now lives in Auckland with his son, was meanwhile fighting to stay out of prison.

‘Life isn’t the same’

Six of Chase’s close relatives had their victim impact statements read to the Hamilton District Court, including that of his 13-year-old daughter.

She said losing her dad was the “hardest thing I have ever had to go through”.

“My dad was always there for me,” she said at Hills’ sentencing on Thursday.

“He came to my sports games, supported my schooling, and never missed birthdays.

“He was the kind of dad who showed up no matter what.

“Life does not feel the same anymore. Sometimes, I still expect to see him or hear his voice.

“I will always carry him in my heart, but it’s not the same as having him here.”

Slurring his words

The court heard that around 4.30pm on May 7 last year, Hills was driving his Subaru west on Norton Rd, in Hamilton, after leaving the pub.

At the same time, Chase was speeding east on his Yamaha and pulling a “wheelstand”, or a wheelie.

He’d just dropped back down to two wheels before he reached the intersection with Maeroa Rd.

Hills, 63, had by then pulled into the turning bay to turn right into Maeroa Rd.

Traffic was heavy, and as he turned, Hills incorrectly judged the gap and turned directly into the path of Chase, who was travelling at between 80km/h and 90km/h.

Chase was thrown from his bike.

Members of the public and a nearby police unit performed CPR and a defibrillation attempt, but he never regained consciousness and died at the scene.

Hills, meanwhile, had turned into the Gull service station and spoke to police who could smell alcohol on his breath, and noted he was slurring his words.

He returned an excess breath alcohol level of 577mcg. The legal breath alcohol limit for driving is 250mcg.

A serious crash unit investigation found contributing factors of the crash were Hills’ alcohol level, Chase’s headlight being pointed in the air while doing the wheelstand, and his speed.

Determining culpability

Defence lawyer Glen Prentice asked the judge to look at the circumstances of the crash “as a whole” when determining his client’s culpability.

Effectively, he asked the judge to weigh up his client’s “poor decision making” with Chase’s speeding and wheelstand.

“It’s my submission that we will never know what role the defendant’s alcohol actually had in this crash.

“Could this crash have occurred but for his alcohol?

“Speed was a factor in this crash,” and due to that, it was unknown “how easily he would have been able to be seen”, he submitted.

Prentice said on the day of the crash, Hills had a “busy day selling items” before going to the pub where he had “about three drinks”.

Hills’ two previous drink driving convictions, from 1991 and 1992, were irrelevant, he said, as they happened more than 30 years ago.

He was remorseful and also had $10,000 to pay in emotional harm reparation.

They’re in court to ‘eyeball you’

Judge Matenga told Hills that Chase’s whānau and friends were in court today to “eyeball you”.

“That is part of the process.

“They have expressed their anger and frustration at you, but also their deeply felt loss.”

The judge accepted that Hills’ breath alcohol level was moderate, and not an aggravating feature of the crash.

Hills was also waiting in a turning bay to turn right.

“All of these actions are expected of any driver. I do not see these as being aggravated driving at all.”

However, the evidence did show that he failed to keep a proper lookout and give way, which involved a “momentary lapse of judgment”.

“At a time when that judgment was affected by the amount of alcohol you had consumed.”

The fact that Chase had just completed a wheelstand, moving his light up, and speeding were also factors.

“Drivers would not be expecting vehicles travelling much quicker than [50km/h],” the judge said.

As for Hills’ previous convictions, he agreed they were not relevant.

However, Hills had received several speeding tickets in the past, which was an indication of his poor judgment, the judge said.

Judge Matenga took a starting point of two years and nine months’ imprisonment, before allowing 30 percent in discounts, reducing the sentence to 23 months.

He commuted that to 11 months and two weeks’ home detention.

Hills was also disqualified from driving for 30 months and ordered to pay the $10,000 reparation immediately.

This story was first published by the New Zealand Herald.

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What should you say to your kids about the Easter Bunny?

Source: Radio New Zealand

It’s one of those moments in the year when many parents wonder why they lie to their children about a magical rabbit that leaves Easter eggs in the garden.

In our multicultural society, there are various approaches to the concepts of Santa, the Easter Bunny, and the tooth fairy. At a guess, for the majority of New Zealand children, these fictional characters are real — at least in the first few years of their lives. After all, New Zealand Post receives more than 100,000 letters each year addressed to Santa at Christmas.

But there are some, whether it is for religious or ethical reasons, who don’t raise their kids to believe in these fictional characters.

A close up portrait of Santa with a Christmas tree in the background.

123rf

Kieran Foran’s coaching reign off to flying start with Manly win over Dolphins

Source: Radio New Zealand

Kieran Foran, while playing for the Kiwis in 2025. Photosport

Former Kiwis rugby league international Kieran Foran’s off to a flying start as an NRL interim head coach, leading Manly to a big win in his first game in charge.

Foran, who only took over from the sacked Anthony Seibold six days ago, masterminded a 52-18 win over the Dolphins at Redcliffe, with his team scoring nine tries.

At one stage, the Sea Eagles led 52-0, as they ran riot at the Dolphins home ground, with Lehi Hopoate getting two of the tries, while Tom Trbojevic, his brother Ben, Reuben Garrick, Luke Brooks, Haumole Olakau’atu, Tolutau Koula and Corey Waddell also helping themselves to four pointers.

The win was Manly’s first of the season after they’d lost their opening three matches, which had led to Seibold’s sacking.

“Whirlwind week,” Foran said. “It was crazy, but that was an awesome effort, the boys were outstanding.”

“We’ve been really, really good in patches. But the challenge for them (the team) this week was putting in a complete performance and doing it for longer periods.

“And I just thought the week was great. There was a lot going on. You can’t take away from that, but they turned up tonight,” Foran said.

However, Foran did admit to being anxious prior to kick off.

“Oh, I was nervous right throughout the day. Yeah, I was going for walks through Brisbane. I couldn’t sit still. I think I did about four or five kilometres,” he said.

The challenge for Foran and his team now is to back up the win, with another in their next game, which is against the Dragons next Friday.

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Armed police at scene of incident in Petone

Source: Radio New Zealand

A police car seen behind a cordon as officers attend an incident. RNZ

Police are asking the public to keep away from the East Street area in Petone as officers respond to an incident.

Armed officers were among those who were attending, a police spokesperson said on Friday.

The area is cordoned off, with road closures in place from East Street to Waione Street.

Diversion for traffic will be down Kirkcaldy Street onto Marine Parade.

Google Maps

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As the Iran war continues, what else might New Zealand face shortages of besides fuel?

Source: Radio New Zealand

Much more than just oil may be affected by price rises or even shortages if the Iran war continues to escalate. RNZ / Quin Tauetau

Explainer – As the war between Iran and the United States and Israel enters its second month, New Zealand is feeling the pinch at the petrol pump. But what other everyday items could face possible shortages if the conflict escalates?

We all know about the rising cost of fuel and the immense impact diesel prices will have on the entire country’s infrastructure, but there are several other everyday necessities that could be hit by a prolonged war.

Only 0.6 percent, or $642 million, of New Zealand’s total imports are sourced from Middle Eastern countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade notes in its most recent report on supply chains and the Iran conflict.

But because of the intricate network of supply chains that make up the global economy, there’s no easy way for New Zealand to avoid the impacts being felt worldwide.

Dr Sarah Marshall is a senior lecturer at the University of Auckland business school and director of the university’s Centre for Supply Chain Management.

“I think the Iran conflict has highlighted vulnerability in our supply chains, but in many ways Covid-19 already did that,” she said.

“Since 2020 there’s been a much stronger awareness in New Zealand of what a supply chain actually is and how exposed we are to global disruptions.”

“If fuel prices continue to rise or supply is disrupted, that feeds through into almost every stage of the supply chain. Each stage faces higher costs, and those are eventually passed on to consumers.”

University of Auckland economics professor Robert MacCulloch said if the war carries on, it could potentially be an oil shock on the scale of the 1970s.

“I don’t think it’s overblown to say that potentially the effects are going to be enormous,” he said. “In this country it inspired in the ’70s the government of Rob Muldoon to change the whole national strategy.”

“We can see you can be held to ransom maybe by someone who’s very critical in that supply chain.”

Here are some of the everyday staples that could face more supply and cost issues because of war in the Middle East.

Food supplies could be affected if shipping problems continue. Supplied

Food

One of the biggest impacts we’re already starting to see is how much we pay at the grocery store.

Eat New Zealand chief executive Angela Clifford recently told RNZ’s Nine to Noon that she would like to see more investment in keep locally produced food on the shelves, rather than imported food.

The recently announced closure of plants by food processors Wattie’s and McCain’s was also troubling, she said.

“We have continued to see the lack of ownership of our food system increase over recent years. You know, we have no security plan, no vision to feed our own people.

“In food systems we talk about the need for redundancy – that is so we don’t find ourselves in a situation with just a few manufacturers, because if anything goes wrong, say like a global fuel crisis, it means that you run out of options.”

A food security plan should include a point that “we value feeding our own people first, and we would work hard to make sure that we would continue to have food for New Zealanders.”

And we should all be careful to avoid the kind of frantic panic-buying that left toilet paper shelves empty during the pandemic, Marshall said.

“We saw during Covid that if demand spikes unexpectedly, it can turn a manageable situation into a real shortage. This often gets amplified as that surge in demand moves through the supply chain, so panic buying can make things worse.”

Shortages could most likely come from foods that are imported or require imported products for production.

Which brings us to …

Fertilisers

Fertilisers are essential for food production and New Zealand gets nearly 22 percent of its overall supply from the Middle East, according to MFAT.

Around half of the world’s urea – the most widely used fertiliser – and large amounts of other fertilisers are exported through the Strait of Hormuz.

“There have been shortages before and farmers can use different products, they normally are more expensive but we have never got to the point where we’ve run out of fertiliser,” Federated Farmers arable chair David Birkett told RNZ recently.

“Farmers should start planning ahead – talk with their fertiliser companies to give them an idea of what demand will be like come spring time.”

Unexpected shortages such as helium gas could affect MRI machine use. 123RF

Medicines and medical supplies

Pharmac said this week it was closely monitoring potential medicine supply risks due to the war.

The Iran war has affected the global supply of a range of raw ingredients, and there were warnings recently that the UK is “weeks away” from possible shortages of everything from painkillers to cancer treatments.

Pharmac said a small number of supply issues had been identified so far and there were currently no problems stemming from those for New Zealanders. It said it was working with suppliers, Health New Zealand, Medsafe, and the logistics sector to identify risks early and secure alternative products if necessary.

Substances few people would think about may be caught up in the war – for instance, the Middle East is a key producer of helium gas, and supplies for it are used in MRI machines and the semiconductor sector.

“The best example of where it gets delicate is in medicine,” MacCulloch said.

“There was concern that there could be great shortages in helium and MRI scans… We’re reliant on these sorts of gases which we may have to import. We’re not able to achieve total self sufficiency in that sense.”

Aluminium

Good old lightweight aluminium is a key component in transport, construction, electronics and packaging, just to name a few.

New Zealand gets about 9 percent of its aluminium from the Middle East, MFAT says.

And prices for the prized metal have hit four-year highs this week after Iran launched airstrikes at major production facilities in Bahrain and the UAE.

Plastic is all around us. RNZ / Richard Tindiller

Plastics

The famous quote from Dustin Hoffman’s movie The Graduate is “There’s a great future in plastics. Think about it.”

Unfortunately for the immediate future, oil is basically how plastic is made, with 99 percent of plastics and polymers made using fossil fuels.

Prices of plastics used in everything from machine parts to toys have risen to their highest price in years.

Anything that’s made from polyethylene, a petroleum-based material which is the most widely used plastic in the world, is likely to be hit if the war drags on.

“The last 20 or 30 years so many products, components of them, are made in so many different countries,” MacCulloch said.

“And you know, this was lauded as a wonderful success of international trade and free trade. And we’re beginning, maybe, to see the limitations of that.”

Disposable cutlery, bottled drinks and garbage bags could be among the first to rise in the coming weeks, Patrick Penfield, a professor of supply chain practice at Syracuse University, told CNN recently.

Reuters reported that between US$20 to $25 billion (NZ$35 to $43 billion) of petrochemical products pass through the strait annually.

…And so many other oil-based products

Paint, road bitumen, clothing, cleaning products, electronics – it’s all part of the great supply chain that makes the world go round and while alternative energy sources are out there, oil is still the primary grease that keeps that chain turning.

The Warehouse Group chief executive Mark Stirton told The Post this week that the retailers were monitoring the crisis closely. “We haven’t been notified of any major delays, but there’s no stock shortages,” he said.

In truth, the list of things that could end being affected by a prolonged war and supply chain constrictions is close to endless.

For instance, 7.2 percent of New Zealand’s jewellery supply is imported from the Middle East, MFAT says.

Consumers may need to rein in their spending on non-essentials, one expert says. Ke-Xin Li / RNZ

So what should we as consumers do next?

“I think expectations are already starting to shift,” Marshall said.

“For a long time we’ve been used to goods being relatively cheap and consistently available, but that has relied on a fairly stable global environment. What we’re seeing now is not a breakdown of global trade, but more volatility in how it operates.”

Professor Robert MacCulloch Supplied

MacCulloch said successive New Zealand governments of both National and Labour have failed to build supply chain resilience.

“They’ve had 50 years to prepare for this shock, you know, half a century.”

He noted that Labour and the Greens when in power shut down oil and gas exploration and closed Marsden Point, while National and its partners have pulled back on electric vehicles and incentives for alternative energies.

“For government, the focus should be on resilience,” Marshall said.

“That means making sure supply chains are as diverse as possible, thinking about strategic reserves for critical goods, and supporting domestic capability where it makes sense.

“Clear communication is also important. Uncertainty can drive overreaction, so giving people a realistic sense of risk helps avoid unnecessary pressure on the system.”

As a potential inspiration going forward in an uncertain time, MacCulloch cited the work of the late American economist Richard Easterlin, who explored the intersections of wellbeing and economics.

“He was a great believer in the idea that people had gone too far with materialism, buying a lot of consumer stuff they didn’t really need.

“Anything you don’t really need, any consumables that are not really necessary to your quality of life, I think drop. It’s not the time to spend on things that you maybe don’t really, really need.”

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Man charged with murder after two bodies found in Hamilton

Source: Radio New Zealand

Two people were found dead at a property on York Street on Thursday afternoon. RNZ / Patrice Allen

Police investigating two deaths in Hamilton have arrested a 34-year-old man.

Two people were found dead at a property on York Street on Thursday afternoon.

Detective Inspector Stephen Ambler, Field Crime Manager, said later that evening, an injured man arrived at a hospital and “officers connected the man to the deaths”.

The man is due to appear in Hamilton District Court on Saturday faces two charges of murder.

Cordons remained in place on the street, Ambler said, and police were undertaking a scene examination.

“Police would like to reassure the community that this was an isolated incident, and we are not looking for anyone else in relation to the matter,” Ambler said.

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One dies after car veers off road in Central Otago

Source: Radio New Zealand

RNZ / Tom Kitchin

One person has died following a crash on Moa Flat Road, Ettrick, in Central Otago.

Police were alerted to the single vehicle crash around 11.20am on Thursday.

A car had veered off the road and gone down the bank.

One person was found deceased at the scene.

The Serious Crash Unit were advised and enquiries into the circumstances of the crash are continuing.

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Blues forward Cameron Suafoa told his cancer is terminal

Source: Radio New Zealand

Cameron Suafoa, while playing for the Blues against the Hurricanes in May 2023. photosport

Blues forward Cameron Suafoa has shared heartbreaking news.

In a video released overnight by the Blues, Suafoa, who’s just 27, has announced he won’t play again after receiving the worst possible update on his ongoing battle with cancer.

“I just wanted to give you a little bit of an update on my situation,” he said.

“I’ve decided to finish playing rugby officially, decided to retire, (with) the unfortunate news that my cancer had spread and it was terminal now.”

Suafoa was first diagnosed in November 2023 with high-grade sarcoma, a form of cancer in his connective tissue, and underwent six weeks of radiation treatment after an operation removed a malignant tumour in his back.

Cameron Suafoa at a Blues training session in 2024. Andrew Cornaga/www.photosport.nz

But following a successful recovery, he returned to rugby, playing and captaining North Harbour in the NPC in 2024, before securing a spot back in the Blues for the 2025 Super Rugby season, becoming a regular starter.

But after a second cancer diagnosis, he was forced to sit out the 2025 NPC season.

He will continue to fight.

“I will be going through a different type of battle soon so I start having chemo in the coming days,” he said.

Suafoa, who was born and raised in Auckland. ended up playing 31 games for the Blues, while also having stints with Tasman and Auckland in NPC rugby.

He played one game for the Maori All Blacks in 2022.

“It was everything,” he said.

“It was defInitely the best job in the world. There is nowhere else you can sit with your work colleagues, have a yarn, and go out with everyone working towards a same goal.

“There’s not too many workplaces that feel like it’s a family …. and defintely will miss it.”

The Blues said they would continue to send all their love, thoughts and support to Suafoa, his wife Britt and the rest of his whānau.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Bumblebees can perceive rhythm, despite their brains being the size of a sesame seed

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Andrew Barron, Professor, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University

Humans are creatures of rhythms. As far as we know, humans have always sung and always danced. We can recognise a song by its rhythm alone, regardless of whether it is played fast or slow.

We seem to have an almost effortless capacity to pick up on rhythmic patterns, and we have presumed this ability to require the very large and powerful human brain.

But our new research, published today in the journal Science, shows humans are not alone in mastering rhythm. Even the bumblebee, which has a brain the size of a sesame seed, has an ability to quickly learn abstract rhythms.

A world full of rhythms

Rhythms are everywhere in nature.

We hear them in the songs of birds and frogs and the ultrasonic hunting chirps of bats. And we see them in the flashing displays of fireflies, the rhythmic shakes of a peacock’s tail, the waggle dances of honey bees and the courtship dances of fruit flies.

But, up to now, we have assumed these were innate rhythmic patterns: the animals are not learning a rhythm; they are simply rolling out an evolved behavioural program.

Apart from humans, only a few species of birds and mammals have been shown to be able to learn and recognise the structure of a rhythm regardless of whether it is played fast or slow.

This reinforced the perception that only smart animals with big brains can learn a rhythm. But big-brained animals are the exception in the animal kingdom. Most animals have evolved tiny brains (by our standards) and they can still solve all the problems they need to solve to survive and thrive.

But can they recognise rhythm?

Following the bumblebeat

To explore this, our team from Southern Medical University and Macquarie University worked with bumblebees – big beautiful bees that are easy to keep and train, and are hugely motivated to collect sips of nectar to take back their nest.

Working with individually labelled bumblebees, we trained them to forage from artificial flowers with embedded LED lights we could control. One flashing light pattern offered a sugary treat, while flowers with another flashing pattern did not.

The only way bees could distinguish the patterns was by their rhythmic structure. In this way we could train the bees to prefer one rhythmic pattern of flashes over another – for example, dot-dash-dot-dash (repeating) versus dot-dot-dash-dash (repeating).

In one experiment, bees learned that one flashing light pattern indicated rewarding sugar water, while another flashing pattern indicated an unpalatable solution. Source: Bee lab at Southern Medical University.

Once the bees had been trained for an afternoon, we tested them on flashing flowers that offered no sugar. We found bees preferred to visit the flower flashing the rhythm that had been rewarded with sugar in training. This shows they could learn to recognise a rhythm linked to reward.

Without any extra training of the bees, we could show they could recognise their trained rhythm regardless of whether it was played faster or slower. This shows bees had learned a rhythm regardless of tempo – the first evidence that bees had learned a flexible rhythm.

Recognising the rhythm

To test the bees further, we asked whether they could recognise a rhythm regardless of how it was presented.

Bees are deaf at the frequencies we can hear, but are very sensitive to vibration. We trained bumblebees in a maze with a vibrating floor at the junction in the maze.

We could make the floor pulse with rhythm. Using this technique, we trained bees that one rhythm (say, dot-dot-dash-dash) meant the sugar reward was located in the left arm of the maze, whereas another rhythm (say, dot-dash-dot-dash) meant the sugar reward was in the right arm.

We knew bees could learn the maze because their success in finding the sugar first time improved with training. Once the bees were trained and performed well in the maze, we changed the maze so now there was a flashing LED light at the junction and no vibrating floor.

The bees trained with vibration were able to use the rhythmic pulses of light to work out which arm of the maze to pick to find the sugar. This showed bees could recognise a rhythm regardless of how it was played out. In other words, the bees had a sense of abstract rhythm.

As far as we know, this ability has only previously been shown in humans.

In one experiment, bees could recognise rhythm regardless of whether it was delivered via pulsing lights or vibrations. Video: Bee lab at Southern Medical University.

Changing the rhythm of our understanding

That the bumblebees did so well in these tests of rhythm learning changes how we think about what is needed to perceive and learn rhythm.

In humans and mammals, rhythm learning is very complicated, involving multiple regions of our large and complex brains.

But perhaps there are simpler ways a tiny brain can achieve the same thing.

Brains themselves are full of rhythms as neurons pulse with impulses. Many neural circuits use rhythmic properties of synchronous and asynchronous nerve impulses to organise their function. Perhaps there is something in the rhythmic properties of brains themselves that attunes them to detect rhythms in nature.

If we can capture that insight, and give miniature sensors a capacity to detect rhythmic temporal structure, there could be all sorts of applications: from lightweight solutions to speech and music recognition to diagnosis of heart irregularities, or pre-epileptic brain waves.

ref. Bumblebees can perceive rhythm, despite their brains being the size of a sesame seed – https://theconversation.com/bumblebees-can-perceive-rhythm-despite-their-brains-being-the-size-of-a-sesame-seed-279659

How to start growing your own food (even if you have no space or spare cash)

Source: Radio New Zealand

As a struggling solo parent for most of the last 16 years, I know from experience that the best way to keep stomachs full and energy levels high has been to grow as much of my own food as possible.

When I was living in a dark, south-facing Wellington flat for a year, I grew coriander, kale and silverbeet in pots, hard up against the outside of the flat. When there was a spot more sun, I put in herbs. It wasn’t a lot, but I ate so much better with very little work – I don’t remember ever needing to do any gardening when there.

When I was living in a flat with a garden but was extremely time poor, I put in raspberries and let them run rampant, along with parsley and herbs. I didn’t tidy up the garden beyond making space for those things, then I reaped the benefits.

At one property, this was all the space Zoe Barry had – she nailed some planks to the wooden fence and tied everything in place.

Zoe Barry

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From marae mattress room to gallery walls

Source: Radio New Zealand

The marae mattress room is the creative inspiration behind the latest work of Tūwharetoa artist Tyrone Te Waa.

Te Waa said the mattress room on his marae is where many of his best childhood memories were formed — and that space now anchors his work on show in Dreaming from Afar, an exhibition in Auckland.

The exhibition features artists exploring traditional spaces that shape enduring connections to culture.

Tyrone Te Waa, Tūwharetoa, Image Courtesy of Tyrone Te Waa and Gus Fisher Gallery.

Supplied

‘I’m having fewer grief attacks’ – Nigel Latta’s widow is finding her way

Source: Radio New Zealand

A couple of weeks ago, feeling like she’d “slid back to rock bottom” after Nigel Latta‘s death, his wife Natalie Flynn asked a psychiatrist/Buddhist monk friend for life hacks on grieving.

“Grief is like the stock market. You think you’re on an upswing, then it drops, but look at the overall trend,” was his response. Viewing herself this way, Flynn says she was able to see an upward trend.

“I’m having fewer grief attacks, those times where I just feel like it’s impossible that he’s not here, and I’m moving forward, and I’m having more good days. So things are on the upswing.”

Natalie Flynn with her late husband, the clinical psychologist Nigel Latta, who died last year at 58.

Supplied

Super Rugby: Crusaders farewell Addington, Lomax debuts

Source: Radio New Zealand

Apollo Projects Stadium will host Super Rugby for the final time this weekend. Photosport / John Davidson

A bittersweet farewell awaits the Crusaders.

The stadium built to be their temporary home, where the side built a dynasty, will host Super Rugby for the final time this weekend.

Addington was not a state of the art, world class facility, and felt like sitting in a chest freezer for fans, but it provided a home for the franchise after its previous ground was destroyed.

Now, 14 years since the earthquake that shattered a city, a new chapter for the competition’s most successful franchise will be written as they vacate Apollo Projects for the new $683 million Te Kaha Stadium.

The Fijian Drua have the honour of sharing the Addington pitch with the Crusaders for the last time, looking to snap a horrendous record on the road. Elsewhere, the Chiefs will host the Waratahs in Hamilton, both sides fresh off victories away from home.

The Chiefs have a long list of injuries, calling on another debutant for Saturday night’s clash.

Elsewhere, former Australia rugby league international Zac Lomax is set to make his Super Rugby Pacific debut off the bench for the Western Force against the Reds, having last played the 15-man game as a child.

Moana Pasifika, the Crusaders, Hurricanes, Highlanders and Blues will all sit out Easter Weekend with a bye.

The men from the capital will keep their spot on top of the table, regardless of the weekend’s results.

Selection notes

Codie Taylor will join the 150 club, bringing up the milestone in his final match at Addington.

Fellow hooker Jack Sexton, son of former Crusader Matt, will make his debut from the pine.

Chiefs prop Reuben O’Neill will play his 50th Super Rugby match while outside back Daniel Sinkinson is set to make his debut off the bench.

Cristian Lio‑Willie will play his 50th Crusaders game.

Chief’s first five Damian McKenzie is set to return in round nine, sitting out with a concussion, while Wallace Sititi’s hamstring is still a week or two away from full fitness.

Etene Nanai-Seturo is also out for the week with a foot injury.

Crusader’s prop Tamaiti Williams will miss the rest of the season as he recovers from discitis, an infection in one of his spinal discs while captain David Havili is still nursing a heel injury, and is not due back for at least a fortnight.

Key stats

  • The Fijian Drua have lost their last 11 consecutive games in New Zealand
  • Will Jordan is the only player to carry the ball for an average of 100+ metres per match
  • The Chiefs have missed the fewest tackles of any team this season
  • The Chiefs are on an eight-game winning streak at home against teams from Australia

Crusaders vs Fijian Drua

Kick-off: 7:05pm Friday 3 April

Apollo Projects Stadium, Christchurch

Live blog updates on RNZ

Crusaders:

1. George Bower 2. Codie Taylor 3. Fletcher Newell 4. Antonio Shalfoon 5. Jamie Hannah 6. Corey Kellow 7. Johnny Lee 8. Christian Lio-Willie 9. Noah Hotham 10. Taha Kemara 11. Sevu Reece 12. Dallas McLeod 13. Leicester Fainga’anuku 14. Chay Fihaki 15. Will Jordan (c)

Bench: 16. George Bell 17. Jack Sexton (debut) 18. Seb Calder 19. Tahlor Cahill 20. Dom Gardiner 21. Louie Chapman 22. Rivez Reihana 23. Braydon Ennor.

“There will definitely be some emotion. The best thing we can do is honour it and honour the fans by playing well. That’s our goal,” Crusaders coach Rob Penney said.

Chiefs vs Waratahs

Kick-off: 7:05pm Saturday April 4

FMG Stadium Waikato, Hamilton

Live blog updates on RNZ

Chiefs:

1. Ollie Norris 2. Samisoni Taukei’aho 3. Reuben O’Neill 4. Josh Lord 5. Tupou Vaa’i (vc) 6. Samipeni Finau 7. Luke Jacobson (c) 8. Kaylum Boshier 9. Xavier Roe 10. Josh Jacomb 11. Kyren Taumoefolau 12. Quinn Tupaea (vc) 13. Leroy Carter 14. Emoni Narawa 15. Liam Coombes-Fabling

Bench: 16. Brodie McAlister 17. Jared Profitt 18. George Dyer 19. Seuseu Naitoa Ah Kuoi 20. Simon Parker 21. Cortez Ratima 22. Kyle Brown 23. Daniel Sinkinson (debut).

“We have a few out injured, which is normal in this tough competition, but the quality of the side we’re able to field shows the depth we have throughout the squad and our wider training group,” Chiefs coach Jonno Gibbes said.

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All Whites return to clubs to await World Cup news

Source: Radio New Zealand

All Whites, from left, playing for their club sides Ben Waine, Finn Surman, Jesse Randall and Ryan Thomas. AFP/Photosport

The All Whites played their final home games before the Football World Cup this week and the players now part ways to return to their club sides where some are chasing championships, others are in relegation fights or are just a few games into a new season.

In mid-May the 26 players who will be on the plane to the World Cup co-hosted by United States, Canada and Mexico will be named by coach Darren Bazeley.

Those selected players will then go into All Whites camp in late May before two more warm-up games in June against England and a yet to be announced opponent in the United States.

New Zealand’s first game of the World Cup is on 16 June against Iran in Los Angeles.

Until the players reconvene they have to focus on their club sides. As Bazeley said about squad selections before farewelling the players from Auckland after the Fifa Series, “there’s so much football to be played until those decisions are made”.

All Whites midfielder and PEC Zwolle captain Ryan Thomas concurred.

“You’re at a stage now where every time you step on that pitch, whether it is for the national team or for your club, you’re being looked at through a magnifying glass.”

United Kingdom

Ben Waine has been scoring for club and country. Gareth Copley

Ben Waine, who scored in the All Whites’ win over Chile this week, returns to third-tier English side Port Vale.

“Obviously at club the focus is to survive the league and to avoid relegation, so that’s a massive thing and that’s the 100 percent focus.

“But I think if you can do that and focus on that, then the rest will take care of itself and if you put your best foot forward, you give yourself the best chance.”

Port Vale do not stop play for an international window unless three players are on international duty.

“So they’re still playing, so they’re still battling away, so I’m hoping that they can keep doing well, and I can focus on what we’re doing here, and then obviously post-tour switch back into club mindset and finish the season out strong and see where that leaves us,” Waine said while in Auckland.

Port Vale’s last game of the season in EFL League One is on 2 May, meaning Waine’s club season will be over before he finds out if he is going to the World Cup.

Elsewhere in England, defender Tyler Bindon goes back to Championship side Sheffield United.

Bindon is on loan from Premier League side Nottingham Forest and has been starting just over half of Sheffield’s games this season, including getting the full 90 minutes in the last 11 games.

Sheffield are 17th in a 24 team league so Bindon will not be under some of the same pressures at his club, as some of his All Whites team mates.

Bindon’s club season also ends on 2 May.

Chris Wood has not played for Nottingham Forest since October. MI NEWS

All Whites captain Chris Wood did not play for the All Whites in the Fifa Series but if he is fit he will be the first name in Bazeley’s World Cup squad.

Wood has not played for Forest’s first team since October as he recovers from knee surgery, but after missing 22 games in the Premier League this season he could return next week.

Forest are just above the relegation zone in 16th after a tumultuous season which will end on 25 May.

Another player struggling for game time in England for a different reason is goalkeeper Max Crocombe.

Crocombe was on the bench for Millwall’s first nine games in the Championship this season. He was number one from mid-October to mid-February before being benched again for the last seven games before he played the first game of the Fifa Series against Finland for the All Whites.

Millwall are fourth in the Championship and also end the season on 2 May.

Matt Garbett is another World Cup hopeful who is currently injured. Garbett plays for League One side Peterborough but has been out since the beginning of February

He will have eight more club games to prove he is ready to be chosen for the global tournament.

Marko Stamenic captained the All Whites in the last window. PHOTOSPORT

Also with Championship clubs from Wales are stand-in All Whites captain Marko Stamenic, with Swansea, and Libby Cacace with Wrexham.

Both players will be in Bazeley’s plans, and while Stamenic has been a regular for Swansea and has impressed with the national team, Cacace has only played in 12 of the 39 possible games so far this season as he deals with a hamstring injury.

In the Scottish Premiership Eli Just has been making a statement with Motherwell as they challenge the Old Firm clubs.

“I think our group of players has exceeded a lot of expectations, so there’s a lot of positivity surrounding the club, ” Just said.

“Our fans are really behind us. The mood in the locker room is good and everyone’s focused on the last seven games finishing strong.

“I think this season will be one that a lot of players, a lot of fans will probably look back on as being pretty special.”

Motherwell has been a good fit for Just who joined the club in July from Danish side AC Horsens.

“I’ve been so fortunate, obviously arriving at the same time as the manager … I was looking for a place that I could play at a level which I knew would put my name forward for this World Cup squad and it’s just blown my expectations out of the water.

“I’ve been so lucky enjoying my football so much. First time in a few years that I’ve enjoyed it as much as I am now.”

Europe

Joe Bell stars for the All Whites and for Viking FK in Norway. Andrew Cornaga/www.photosport.nz

All Whites midfielder Joe Bell was only two games into his season with Norway first tier club Viking FK when he went on international duty in Auckland.

“We won the championship last year, so this year it’s slightly new expectations and challenges,” Bell said.

“It’s been a good pre-season leading into the start and I think the slight benefit of playing in Norway going into the World Cup would be that we’re nearly mid-season, so from a physical standpoint I should be in good shape for that.”

In Denmark’s Superliga, Callum McCowatt’s Silkenborg IF are under the relegation line.

“It’s not done yet, but we’ve got to work for it,” the midfielder said.

McCowatt’s club season will end around 17 May, about a week before he hopes to be called into the All Whites.

“I’ll come straight off the season and be fit and stuff like that.”

All White Ben Old is part of a Saint-Etienne side seeking promotion. © Bildbyrån Photo Agency 2025 © Photosport Ltd 2025 www.photosport.nz

For one of France’s biggest clubs Saint-Etienne, All White Ben Old plays in front of 35,000 fans each week. He has seven games left in the season and finishes 10 May when he hopes they will have done enough to be promoted to Ligue 1.

Old will then have about three weeks before the June window and going in for the World Cup.

Ryan Thomas has been playing overseas for 12 years, he also made his All Whites debut 12 years ago, though he missed six years with the national team due to injury and form.

Thomas plays in the Netherlands for PEC Zwolle where he has been since 2022 and will finish up the club season in late May just days before he hopes to be back with the All Whites.

Goalkeeper Alex Paulsen of New Zealand. Andrew Cornaga/www.photosport.nz

Goalkeeper Alex Paulsen is in his first season in Poland with Lechia Gdansk, where he is on loan from English Premier League club Bournemouth. Poland’s top tier competition finishes on 23 May giving the gloveman little time to switch modes from club to country.

“It’s been great so far for myself, definitely a character development type of season, and just trying to learn as much as I can, and I think for me personally, just trying to get used to the level of intensity and the fact that there’s a lot of high calibre players and a lot of them are participating in the UEFA Conference League as well,” Paulsen said.

“Trying to get used to the weather conditions as well, playing in the winter, it’s been great, so it’s been a good experience so far.”

United States

Finn Surman also plays for Portland Timbers in Major League Soccer. © Bildbyrån Photo Agency 2025 © Photosport Ltd 2025 www.photosport.nz

Portland Timbers defender Finn Surman has played every minute of his team’s Major League Soccer matches this season and has eight games remaining until the World Cup.

He has his “fingers crossed” that he’ll be playing in the tournament in a country that he has become familiar with since linking up with Portland in July.

“I’m really grateful to be at a club which I love being at, and that they give me a lot of responsibility and an opportunity to play and improve,” Surman said.

“So I’m really happy with where I’m at and I think that is a positive thing leading into the World Cup. I think there’s things that they’re pushing me with each and every day, and I think that can only help myself and our team here.”

Michael Boxall missed the last window with the All Whites but would be hoping to make the World Cup. www.photosport.nz

Experienced All White Michael Boxall captains Minnesota FC. However, Boxall has an abductor injury that has seen him sit out three of the last MLS games and the March window with the All Whites.

Boxall will have up until the last possible time to prove to Bazeley he should be at the World Cup.

New Zealand and Australia

All Whites striker Kosta Barbarouses also plays for Western Sydney Wanderers. PHOTOSPORT

Around half of the players involved with the All Whites are playing in the A-League which concludes with a Grand Final on 23 or 24 May.

Kosta Barbarouses’ Western Sydney Wanderers are likely to take home the wooden spoon so he will not be involved in the finals series and will end his season on 25 April.

Wellington Phoenix players Tim Payne, Alex Rufer, Bill Tuiloma and Sarpreet Singh are in a similar situation and could miss the finals.

James McGarry’s Brisbane Roar are currently 10th in a 12 team league and he only has three more games.

At the opposite end, Lachlan Bayliss made his debut for the All Whites in the recent window and his Newcastle Jets are on track to win the Premiers Plate and then move into the finals series.

Likewise, Auckland FC’s Callan Elliott, Jesse Randall, Logan Rogerson, Nando Pijnaker and Michael Woud will be hoping their club season continues until late May. Auckland’s Francis de Vries injured his calf playing against Finland and will be racing against time to get fit again for New Zealand as he will miss the remainder of the A-League season.

South Africa

Andre de Jong plays with the Orlando Pirates in South Africa’s Premiership and plays right through until 24 May when players are required to be released by clubs to prepare with national teams for the World Cup.

He has made 13 appearances for the All Whites since 2018 and started four matches. The 29-year-old said it was competitive amongst the playing group to get the final places in the World Cup squad.

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Debbie Ngarewa-Packer says the fuel crisis is causing anxiety among Māori communities

Source: Radio New Zealand

The fuel crisis has left a feeling of anxiety among Māori communities who do not know how much fuel is in their rohe, Te Pāti Māori co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer says.

Ngarewa-Packer, the party’s energy spokesperson, sat down for a wide-ranging interview with Mata host Mihingarangi Forbes and said while tikanga-led covid-19 responses proved Māori were resilient, planning a response for the fuel crisis was difficult without the most up to date information.

She said that was particularly evident in her rohe of Te Tai Hauāuru.

“We have large rural communities that don’t have public transport. We have pockets of hauora, pockets of main hospitals where whānau have to travel to for treatment to even see GPs.

“We have whānau that have to transport their tamariki to kura because there aren’t buses available. Day to day living here is extremely reliant on the ability to mobilise…. at the same time, we have a large proportion of our community, especially that have been wanting to transition away from fossils, who have been fighting seabed mining for years and have been pushing for alternative solutions in our infrastructure – they’re not seeing the alternative solutions coming.”

Debbie Ngarewa-Packer. (File photo) RNZ / Samuel Rillstone

Ngarewa-Packer sent a letter to the government requesting a cross-party committee on energy security and cost of living mitigation – a letter she said was ignored.

“A couple of days after, MBIE reached out and the Prime Minister’s Office reached out to give us a brief on what it is that they know we’re doing, but, of course, it’s not in real time,” she said.

“Even the data that we get on the supply of fuel… Monday’s data was from Wednesday midnight [and] yesterday’s data was from Sunday so it was lip service.”

She said the committee would have been a chance for the government to put aside their political differences and come up with proactive and pre-emptive responses to the crisis.

“What’s really concerning is that this is a government that hasn’t had a great relationship with Māori, with our communities, and has created some real harm.

“What it would look like is an inclusive response and that’s what we’re really pushing for and just get over each other’s politics and actually think about our communities that are going to be hurt the most.”

Ngarewa-Packer said whānau in the region should begin their rationing fuel on their own.

“We should be applying our own manāki, our own rangatiratanga and mana motuhake in how we do this.

“I’m seeing it already, our kura and our sports are using vans to pick up everyone. I’m seeing some of our local iwi are now set up ability to work in different pods and offices within their own communities so they don’t need to travel. I’m seeing thinking and planning being done to be able to identify vulnerable people, including our kaumātua, to be able to get their groceries and things.

“That’s really easing in and understanding it and starting that community thinking. When you live collectively and you think collectively, you plan differently. I don’t think the government is doing that.”

The full interview is available on the RNZ website and on Youtube.

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Inside the messages between Police’s media communications director and documentary boss

Source: Radio New Zealand

Dame Julie Christie is producing a Tom Phillips documentary. RNZ / Mark Papalii

Inside nearly 300 pages of documents released by police lies a series of messages between Police’s director of media and strategic communications Juli Clausen and the CEO of a documentary crew Dame Julie Christie. National Crime Correspondent Sam Sherwood reports.

Police’s director of media and strategic communications Juli Clausen and Dame Julie Christie had been messaging each other for months before Clausen messaged details about Tom Phillips’ last hours.

On Thursday, police released 289 pages of correspondence in relation to the documentary including a series of messages between Clausen and Christie, the chief executive of a documentary production company.

This included the message at 6.14am on 8 September which began “I’m on a flight to Hamilton now”.

“I wanted to give u a heads up.. T [redacted] were involved in another burglary this morning. T has been shot – we have [redacted] We will do media but every man n dog there.”

The messages released on Thursday reveal the two women had been messaging since at least February last year.

The messages included conversations about the contract agreement, filming and even a message advising the documentary boss to go direct to the officer in charge, adding “everything discoverable so maybe ask for a call”.

Following the revelations, the police’s executive director media and communications Cas Carter said police were reviewing the processes around the management of the documentary. Asked about what confidence she had in Clausen she replied:

“That’s part of the review as well. That’s one of the many things that we’re looking at, at the moment.”

First contact

Documentary producer Karen Rutherford first approached Clausen about the documentary in October 2024.

By December, Christie had sent a “wishlist” to police.

The first text message between the two (according to the OIA) was on 28 February, when Clausen texted Christie shortly before 7pm.

“Hi Julie – sorry to bug u during happy hour. Do you have 5 mins for a quick chat pls. Juli Clausen.”

Shortly after she sends another text to say she was keen to get the crew back in on Wednesday.

“Regardless of where the agreement is at. We are all happy the intent to work together is there. Everything will make sense to you once you are read in.”

The following day Christie texted asking for another chat as the “guys in UK are meeting with Netflix on Monday and I would like to know what is acceptable to tell them”.

Clausen said Christie would be in a better position to update them after Wednesday.

“I have made a judgment to share more with just u so u can have some sense of what’s coming and think about how u organise.”

Tom Phillips died following a shootout with police in September 2025. RNZ / Supplied / Police

Christie and Rutherford met with the officer in charge of the investigation Detective Senior Sergeant Andy Saunders on 5 March. That evening Christie asked Clausen if she knew what the fee might be that they needed to pay police.

Clausen told her how much the cold case programmes were [this was redacted from the OIA].

Christie asked “should I put [redacted] or more?”

Clausen said she would talk to a colleague.

Christie also thanked Clausen for arranging the meeting with police.

“Today was fantastic,” she said.

“I’m beyond pleased. It’s a world first too which is even more amazing” she said in another message.

Clausen replied it was “pretty incredible access given our laws”.

“And it’s different because it’s not an unresolved case – it’s a live case. I’m going to work on STG [Special Tactics Group] next … they will be tough so need some space for them to agree.”

The contract

On 19 March, Clausen texted Christie to say she believed she had the agreement “almost ready”.

That evening at nearly 11pm, Christie texted her to say she had just got word that Netflix had signed the old contract, and would try and get the new one past them overnight.

The contract was formally agreed on 20 March.

About 5pm, Clausen emailed Police Commissioner Richard Chambers to say an agreement had been signed.

“It’s been an interesting and useful exercise to work our way through the terms of Agreement, and what’s reassuring is the certainty that Police will have final sign off.”

Clausen thanked Chambers for his support.

“It’s been helpful being able to say this project had your support.”

Dame Julie Christie’s production crew in Marokopa. RNZ / Mark Papalii

‘A saint!’

On 7 April, Christie texted Clausen saying she had a list of questions to send her in the morning. Clausen said she had some stuff for her as well.

Another text message was redacted in full.

In response, Christie said “Absolutely. Go well. I swear u r a saint!”

The following day, Christie asks Clausen to “call me asap”.

“Sounds like we have an issue”.

Clausen said she was “trying to resolve it”.

Christie said a person involved would only be with drone operations and “will never go anywhere else”.

“And we can accommodate separately if that helps. His background check was clear.”

Clausen said: “It’s not him – it’s our people. Talk soon”.

On 21 April, Christie asked if she could message Saunders direct.

“We respect completely reasons for not shooting at the drone base but wondered if we could perhaps get even 30 mins night-time flight today. That would satisfy our editorial needs.”

Clausen told her to “go direct”.

“Everything discoverable so maybe ask for a call.”

The early morning text

On 28 August, Christie texted Clausen asking if there was going to be a press conference that day. Clausen said it would be the next day.

On 29 August, Saunders fronted media to say police investigating a retail burglary in rural Waikato on 27 August believed Phillips was responsible.

After the press conference, Christie texted Clausen to say Saunders was “excellent. Better than I’ve ever heard him”.

Clausen said “we play bingo with the questions … we picked most of them”.

Then, at 6.14am on 8 September Clausen texted her to say she was on a flight to Hamilton.

“I wanted to give u a heads up.. T [redacted] were involved in another burglary this morning. T has been shot – we have [redacted] We will do media but every man n dog there.”

Christie appears to have replied immediately asking if she could call. Clausen said the door was closed, but would land at 7.30am.

“It’s big.”

Christie and the documentary crew appear to have been at the police station by 8am.

Clausen told Christie she had asked if they would be allowed to film the prep for the 11am media conference.

“To be clear, I’ve told Karen she is not coming with us to shoot prep. My decision re keeping us small.”

Just before 8am, Christie also asked if they could film Police Commissioner Richard Chambers arriving at the scene.

Christie was going to visit the scene with the officer in charge of the police investigation, dubbed Operation Curly.

Later that day, Christie sent Clausen a copy of a text she had received from another media outlet about the documentary. Christie asked if she would be around for a chat about the media query.

It appears the two women then met at a restaurant.

Two days later, Christie asked if a camera operator could attend the demolition of the campsite.

“Answer is no Julie!,” she replied.

“The weather will turn tomorrow and they are cranking thru to complete evidence gathering then dismantling and cam presence will slow them down. They said they will let u film when they find the main camp that always abandoned during drone phase. We need to leave them be today. Sorry!”

A few days later, Christie texted again asking when they might be able to join the team looking for the other camp.

“I think we need to leave some air space for now,” Clausen said.

“People v sensitive. I’m talking to them tomorrow hopefully.”

Christie said she hoped it was realised that all their filming “shows how hard the police team always worked to recover those children”.

“It would be disappointing not to be able to complete that story in the best possible way. I’ll keep in touch. So grateful for everything so far.”

In another message, Clausen told Christie police had received “a few OIAs”.

“Our normal process would be to consult u as part of reviewing for release. Wont be a quick turn around as we’ll need legal advice re contracts. But I do need to check one thing with u as soon as you can call. Thanks.”

RNZ/Mark Papalii

‘I think Netflix is your issue’

The OIA also included messages between Clausen and Rutherford.

On 18 February last year, Rutherford texted Clausen about a potential sighting of Phillips that had been reported.

Clausen said there was “nothing to film”.

“We are needing to verify report which is looking like at the mo.”

Rutherford said it was a “real shame Juli”.

“The article indicates police have already been door knocking. So disappointing, we could have filmed. Please can we lock in a day to meet Andy, by the end of today? Netflix has already questioned why we weren’t told.”

In response, Clausen said “Karen – we don’t have a written agreement or obligation yet”.

“I think Netflix is your issue to manage at the moment. I will work really hard to make it up to u but I think we will need to set some really strong and clear lines to protect the investigation.”

‘Incredibly regrettable’

Police’s executive director media and communications Cas Carter said on Thursday police were reviewing the processes around the management of the documentary, and “considering whether we need to reassess the protocols for handling such projects”.

RNZ asked Carter what confidence she had in Clausen and what concerns she had about the correspondence and whether the relationship with Christie was appropriate.

She replied: “The documentation of the communications has prompted many questions that will all be part of the review. I won’t be pre-empting that review.”

In an interview on Checkpoint, Carter said the decision to tell the documentary crew before Phillips’ family found out was “incredibly regrettable”.

She said there were a number of things that had been revealed in the OIA process that concerned her “in terms of the conversations between our people and the documentary crew”.

She did not know who gave the documentary crew permission to go into an active crime scene.

Asked if she retained confidence in Clausen, Carter replied:

“That’s part of the review as well. That’s one of the many things that we’re looking at, at the moment.”

Pressed further, Carter said she needed to review what happened during the period in question before she could comment further.

“I’ve just started reading all of this, and … I am concerned about everything that happened … that’s thrown up a lot more questions than I have answers for at the moment, and that’s why we’re looking into it further.”

She was also asked about the message from Clausen to Christie where she said “everything discoverable so maybe ask for a call”.

“That’s one of the things that I read and went ‘that’s very interesting conversation that I need to find out more about, what was the intent behind that?’”.

Carter said police still believed the idea of having a documentary was a good one, and that at the moment they still had a contract with the production company.

Chambers said on Thursday there was a “constructive relationship” between police and the documentary team.

“However, it has become apparent this documentary was not always handled in line with the usual protocols and processes that apply to documentaries police take part in.

“That included decision-making and oversight around the access the documentary crew were given at various points.

“I would not have allowed access to what was an active crime scene and had not been aware that was happening ahead of time.”

He said had he known it was to happen he would have stopped it.

“I am also disappointed the documentary team was told ahead of the family and of other media about the events of the night Tom Phillips died.

“The strict conditions that applied to the documentary project did give Police the ability to protect any sensitive information and that meant the documentary team could be given more access to Police operations than media would usually be given.”

Chambers said he would be concerned if there were any instances in which the documentary’s interests meant media did not get information or access they would otherwise have got.

“That does not serve the public interest. This was a high-profile investigation and, in my view, it is crucial police share as much as they possibly can with the media during such investigations because of the legitimate public interest.

“I have asked for further information to be sure this was handled appropriately at all stages and to allow us to consider whether police need to reassess the way we engage in such projects.”

He said police had a long history of cooperating on documentaries or programmes involving ongoing investigations.

“They offer unique and interesting insight for the public into police work and into the investigation in question.

“I do not want that to change in the future, however I do want to be certain we have robust processes in place to ensure they are handled well and fairly.”

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Two found dead at Hamilton property, police investigation underway

Source: Radio New Zealand

Two people were found dead in Hamilton East. (File photo) RNZ / Richard Tindiller

Two people have been found dead at a property in Hamilton East.

Detective Inspector Stephen Ambler said the deaths were under police investigation and at this stage being treated as “unexplained”.

Ambler said police were notified about 4pm on Thursday that two people had been found dead at a property on York Street.

An investigation was underway to find out what happened at the property.

Cordons remained in place on the street, Ambler said, and a scene guard would remain in place overnight.

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Wellington businessman charged with posting harmful digital communications keeps name suppression

Source: Radio New Zealand

The man is due to appear in court again in June. RNZ / Richard Tindiller

A Wellington businessman who had pleaded not guilty to posting harmful digital communications has had his name suppression continued.

The 57-year-old man appeared in Wellington District Court last month charged with making a Facebook post that would cause harm to an ordinary or reasonable person and that in doing so, caused serious emotional distress.

In court it was agreed that Judge Bruce Davidson would consider the matter of the accused’s suppression based on written submissions from the parties involved.

In a judgement released on Thursday, Judge Davidson said the defendant argued that there was a “real and appreciable risk” that publication of his name would cause him and his family “extreme hardship, endanger his safety, and lead to identification of the victim/witness of the alleged offending”.

The charge related to an alleged offence on 13 January, 2026 in Wellington.

The defendant denies the charge, claiming he was not responsible for the social media post.

The judge’s decision stated that the alleged victim said the post was completely untrue and highly defamatory, and that there was a high level of stress and anxiety, both personally and professionally, arising from such offensive and unfounded allegations.

The judge said the defendant accepted he has openly sought publicity in a variety of ways.

“He is undeserving of suppression.

“He has openly courted publicity and the suggestion that publication of his name would cause him extreme hardship is fatuous.”

However, he said if the defendant’s name was published there was a real risk it could identify the alleged victim.

“As unconscionable as it sounds, by allegedly making such a dreadful Facebook post about his alleged victim, the defendant’s name, in the interim at least, must be suppressed to prevent the risk of further reputational and emotional damage” to the alleged victim.

The interim suppression would therefore remain in place.

Interim name suppression continues for the alleged victim.

The man is due to reappear in court in June.

The accused faces a maximum penalty of up to two years’ imprisonment.

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Grattan on Friday: A future plan on fuel should be central to Albanese government’s reform agenda

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michelle Grattan, Professorial Fellow, University of Canberra

Using one lens, you could view the present contest between the Albanese government and the Taylor-Canavan opposition as pragmatism versus populism.

A week ago the opposition, which perennially berates the government for economic irresponsibility, urged a cut in the fuel excise. True, the Coalition proposed offsets, but it was a policy seen as counterproductive by many economists.

The opposition knew it would be popular, however – a judgement shared by the government, which days later announced a cut.

On a totally different front, Special Minister of State Don Farrell had over the summer been in discussions with the Liberals and Nationals about his proposal to expand the size of the parliament. The Liberals were sceptical, although some privately supported it; the Nationals under David Littleproud were in favour.

Then Matt Canavan became Nationals leader and the right-wing lobby group Advance started campaigning against the idea (which has much to commend it once you get beyond the knee-jerk reaction).

This week, Canavan and Angus Taylor launched an attack on the plan. They were playing to sheer populism – people hate politicians. Within hours Albanese, judging the proposal would only bring him political grief, publicly killed it in parliament suggesting, in effect, he’d be a mug to pursue it. He said on Thursday the debate would not have been “healthy for our democracy”, and would end without change.

In the process, Albanese threw one of his most senior ministers under the bus, just like he did with Treasurer Jim Chalmers earlier this term when he pulled the rug from under part of Chalmers’ superannuation tax legislation.

The prime minister is fortunate these ministers are not like Paul Keating who, when dudded by Hawke on policy, didn’t take it lying down. Chalmers might sulk a bit, but stays calm publicly. Farrell, a factional hard man, just sucks it up.

Albanese is bringing his cautious, pragmatic approach to dealing with what is likely to be the worst crisis he will have to face in his prime ministership.

As the fuel crisis started to unfold, the prime minister mostly left the running to Energy Minister Chris Bowen. But a week ago, with the situation deteriorating, the PM changed tack, becoming engaged in a major way. By Monday, National Cabinet was meeting and the federal government announced its excise cut, together with and followed by other emergency measures.

Albanese’s strategy is multifold. Get ahead of the crisis where possible. Be seen to be responding. Try to maintain community calm, while at the same time warning about the risk of things worsening. And bring the public along.

Albanese became preoccupied with communicating, prompting his Wednesday night address to the nation. It was designed to grab public attention – paradoxically, with the PM so visible on a daily basis, “cut through” actually becomes harder.

Predictably, sections of the media panned the address. But that is to overthink it. It aimed to reassure, with the message that people should have a normal Easter, while realistically foreshadowing difficult months ahead. The suggestions of what people should do to save fuel (just take what you need, use public transport where you can) came with the message this would help those (like farmers, tradies and nurses) who have to drive.

Albanese is fighting off fears among some people that we’re headed to a COVID-like situation of extreme restrictions on daily life. He’s been anxious to avoid (so far) the “r” word, rationing, which is seen as having overtones of the COVID lockdowns.

In fact the comparisons with COVID are mostly irrational. COVID was totally different. This crisis might be full of danger for the economy and uncertainty for individuals, but COVID was about life and death. We’ve been through fuel crises before; there was no precedent in living memory for COVID.

Also, what Australia did during the pandemic, at least in the early stages and despite mistakes and excesses, was regarded as positive compared to many countries, in terms of lives saved. But in memory and in light of the lingering effects on young people, the response has come to be seen by many as wrong-headed.

The PM’s Thursday speech at the National Press Club was another effort to get messages out from an elevated platform. One notable feature was his declaration that the fuel crisis would not derail the government’s intentions to pursue reform in the May 12 budget.

Chalmers has been talking about plans to use the budget to advance tax reform and other changes. However many questioned whether new circumstances would lead Albanese to kill this drive.

But the prime minister said on Thursday this would be “our government’s most important budget to date and it will be our most ambitious. It has to be.”

“Economic reform that drives growth, boosts productivity, helps tackle inflation and lifts living standards is always necessary. And in times of uncertainty such as this, it is urgent,” he said.

They may be comforting words for Chalmers; they also set a marker for judging the budget. It’s more than a month away and a lot of its key decisions are yet to be taken – Chalmers has said it will be finalised later than usual.

One area that should be addressed in the budget, or separately but urgently, is a plan to put Australia’s fuel situation on a stronger long term footing. Australia has only a month’s supply in reserve, much less than many countries. Our refineries are down to two. Albanese was vague when asked about the longer term plans for fuel security, saying the government would consider measures “in a practical way” but pointing to the huge cost of going to a 90 day reserve (our international obligation).

The Iran war has shown how easily our position can be compromised. How our supply chains would be placed in a conflict in the Pacific doesn’t bear thinking about. A comprehensive, detailed, credible fuel plan should be at the centre of any “reform” agenda.

ref. Grattan on Friday: A future plan on fuel should be central to Albanese government’s reform agenda – https://theconversation.com/grattan-on-friday-a-future-plan-on-fuel-should-be-central-to-albanese-governments-reform-agenda-278789

Christchurch councillors vote to add more air to Bromley sewage ponds

Source: Radio New Zealand

Diggers working at the burnt-out Bromley wastewater treatment plant. Christchurch City Council supplied pictures and video of work to remove rot from inside its filters on 10 June 2022. Christchurch City Council

Christchurch city councillors has voted to add more air to sewage ponds at its troubled Bromley treatment plant to reduce the stench that’s afflicted parts of the city for years.

The council backed a staff recommendation to add 16 aerators which will provide oxygen to some of the ponds, assisting in breaking down sewage.

Staff say the putrid stench that has plagued residents on the city’s east since a fire damaged a plant in 2021 is caused by high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels.

It’s hoped the new activated sludge system the council is building will solve the issue, but with the repairs not due to come online until 2028, a surge in stench over summer resulting in thousands of complaints each month and an abatement notice from the regional council, the pressure was on for a temporary fix.

A controversial plan floated by mayor Phil Mauger which caused backlash in some quarters, raised the ire of the minister for oceans and fisheries and caught the regional council unaware was not recommended by staff who warned of potential environmental and health risks.

Instead, the staff recommendation to add 16 more aerators, which will bubble or pump air into the sewage increasing the ability to break down into CO2 and sludge, passed 15 votes to two.

Staff said this option, which would reduce the risk of offensive smells on 95 percent of days a year, would cost $7.7 million dollars,

Another option to add 21 aerators, which was modelled to reduce the risk on 99 percent of days a year at a cost of $11.2 million dollars was not recommended by staff.

Several councillors noted they would have preferred that option, which added in extra capacity and provided more assurances to local residents, who have suffered from migraines, nausea, respiratory issues and mental health impacts since the 19 day blaze destroyed key infrastructure at the plant in 2021.

“I’m frustrated that we’re not putting up the 99 [percent odour reduction option] first, because I believe we don’t have any social licence out there in Bromley any longer and any possibility of the stench coming back in the future, I don’t believe we have that luxury,” councillor Mark Peters said.

He said the plan couldn’t come soon enough.

“It’s been really tough watching the people in Bromley suffering through this episode and my heart, from the other side of the city, goes out to you.”

Councillor Andrei Moore agreed the option of more aerators should have been put to the vote.

But he said he was relieved something would finally be done, and at staff assurances it would take three weeks to add more aerators if needed.

“I struggle to stand that stench for more than three minutes, I can barely begin to imagine how the locals have gotten by.”

Peters and Moore voted against the 95 percent reduction option.

Councillor Celeste Donovan told the meeting odour from the plant had been an issue in the area for decades, but the worst of it had plagued the area for close to five years.

She said she was also disappointed the more comprehensive option had not been put forward.

“I think we can all agree we’ve heard the community view, and I can say with some confidence this is not the time for anything less than the full option. We need to do it once, we need to do it right.”

She said she would support the 95 percent option, because “we just need to get on and do something”.

But she said the 99 percent option provided a third more aerators, as well as a buffer and redundancy in the system.

“To me that’s good value for money for a community that’s been short-changed for too long.”

While the upfront costs were higher, “we can’t afford any further uncertainty when it comes to this community, and any further impacts that fall on them is a cost we can’t afford to pay.”

Yani Johanson. RNZ / Nate McKinnon

Councillor Yani Johanson told the meeting he would have preferred the 99 percent option.

“We owe it to this community to minimise and mitigate the risk as much as we can, rather than leave any risk that they would go through the hell that they’ve been through in the past, in the future.

“We cannot change the past, but we can change the future,” he said.

“Today is about addressing recognising we’re doing something constructive and positive to address an ongoing issue that has happened in our community, particularly in the east of the city, that’s had an adverse and significantly negative impact.”

The council also passed a motion noting a trial of a “biochemical additive product” to reduce odour was underway, and that staff would apply it more widely if it was found to be effective.

A council spokesperson said they could not disclose details of the product until after the Easter break.

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New Zealanders’ 30% fuel bill increase laid bare

Source: Radio New Zealand

RNZ / Quin Tauetau

New data from the country’s biggest bank shows the impact of the start of the fuel price rise on New Zealanders’ spending.

Card spending at fuel stations jumped almost 30 percent in March, or 20.6 percent when seasonally adjusted.

Chief economist Sharon Zollner said, using Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment fuel price data, it seemed that almost all of the increase was due to prices, not volumes.

“Fuel volumes actually went up a little bit despite the cost increase because there’s been lots of stories about people making sure that their car is full and farmers filling up their utes and whatnot, just in case.

“That would have been offset by people probably driving less because the cost of driving has increased but that netted out to a small volume increase.”

Infometrics chief forecaster Gareth Kiernan said it did seem that people were stocking up because they were worried fuel could be more expensive if they did not buy it now, or because they were worried about the security of supply.

“Now they’ve fuelled up as much as possible, they’re probably responding by cutting back in terms of their driving behaviour and fuel use as much as possible.”

Spending on public transport was up 14.2 percent.

Spending at car and truck dealers lifted 14.8 percent as EV sales lifted sharply. There were 2890 full battery electric vehicles registered last month, the single biggest since the end of the clean car discount and four times the number of March last year.

But there were signs that people might have been shifting their spending – spending at fast food, cafes, restaurants and bars dropped in the month.

“Some people have a buffer that they can use to smooth things out but quite a lot of people don’t and so if they’re having to have to drive and they have to fill up the car then it leaves less money over for other things and so it looks like hospitality took a bit of a hit.

“With only one month of data you’ve got to be a little bit cautious because these things do bounce around a bit month to month but it was pretty consistent across bars, cafes and restaurants and fast food. It all saw a drop in the month so I suspect that’s not coincidence.”

Secondhand shop spending also dropped, which Zollner said might reflect the impact of fuel prices on lower-income households.

She said there was also a drop in spending in supermarkets, which could reflect people being more careful about their grocery shopping.

Overall, card spending rose 1.2 percent in March when seasonally adjusted, and was up 6.2 percent compared to a year earlier.

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Fuel prices are driving more Australians to EVs – and secondhand cars are in high demand

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Scott Dwyer, Research Director, Energy Futures, University of Technology Sydney

As conflict in the Middle East sends diesel and petrol prices skyrocketing, more and more Australians and New Zealanders are showing interest in electric vehicles.

But is this translating to sales? March data shows the answer is yes – EV registrations have shot up sharply in Australia and New Zealand.

Manufacturer order books are filling up, EV subscription services are full and wait times have blown out to months for popular models.

Much of the focus to date has been on new cars. But most people don’t buy new. When Australians buy cars, they tend to buy them secondhand. The ratio of used to new cars is almost two to one. EVs are cheaper to run, but have – until very recently – been more expensive to buy, which acts as a barrier.

Demand for secondhand EVs is surging through auctions and car yards, as cost-conscious households seek out ways to immediately cut costs and reduce exposure to global oil shocks. The Australian government is now expected to introduce fuel rationing after Easter.

Fuel price pain is driving the change

The Iran conflict has triggered the second global oil crisis in the past five years. The first was the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which drove major disruption to oil markets. If the Iran war drags on, this crisis could be far larger. The International Energy Agency expects this crisis to be much bigger than the 2022 crisis and the oil shocks of the 1970s.

The Australian government has responded by temporarily halving fuel excise tax, just as it did in 2022. This will give immediate relief, but will do nothing if supply tightens as expected this month.

The oil crisis comes as many people struggle in earnest with the cost of living. Fuel is a major expense, especially in car-dependent regional towns and outer suburbs. Many early EV adopters live in outer suburbs of major cities, where cars are the main mode of transport.

Since the start of the war, petrol prices have increased by about 80 cents per litre and diesel by more than a dollar a litre. For those who need a weekly fill of 50 to 60 litres, this would equate to an extra $40 to $50 for petrol or an extra $50 to $60 for diesel.

Fuel prices are expected to make food and many other products and services more expensive. It’s small wonder more people are looking for cheaper alternatives – especially for households where other forms of transport aren’t viable.

EV charging in a driveway

Households in outer suburbs and regional towns are heavily exposed to fuel price pain – but often have easy access to charging an EV at home. Ed Harvey/Pexels, CC BY-NC-SA

Secondhand EVs in demand

By world standards, Australia has been slow to take up battery electric vehicles. Sales hit 8% of new car sales late last year (14% including plug-in hybrid vehicles).

One reason for this is that EVs have long been more expensive than their combustion engine equivalents. The upfront price difference has dropped rapidly, but is still a deterrent.

That’s why used EVs are now in such demand as a way for households under financial strain to get access. EVs were already much cheaper to run than combustion engine cars, even before the oil crisis. The difference is now even starker, especially for those who can charge at home.

It has taken time for a secondhand market in EVs to develop. The cars for sale now are often coming from expired novated lease agreements, or from government and corporate fleets once they are replaced as part of regular fleet renewal cycles.

Lower income households need support to shift

To date, Australia has offered little targeted support to encourage lower income households to switch to electric vehicles. This means the current trends are both significant and fragile.

Overseas, governments in parts of Europe and the United States have more actively encouraged uptake.

France has pioneered social leasing since 2024 to address affordability barriers for EVs targeting low and middle income households. It works by offering eligible households a new EV from A$170 per month with no upfront deposit, made possible through government subsidies of up to A$12,000 to reduce the total cost. At the end of the lease period, the car can be purchased outright or returned to the dealer.

In the US, Washington State’s EV Instant Rebate Program included social leasing provisions which helped 4,000 lower income households get an EV. Of these, almost 90% said they would not have been able to purchase the EV without the rebate.

These approaches could work to encourage uptake among households who would benefit most from going electric in both Australia and New Zealand. For many households and small businesses, private vehicles are a lifeline and the only option available. But for many, secondhand or more affordable EVs are still unaffordable.

This week, Australia’s clean energy bank announced a $100m program of discounted car loans to reduce the cost of finance for new and used EVs. These types of initiatives are a good start, but more will be needed to expand access to new and used EVs.

New measures could include targeted financial incentives to improve affordability and broaden access (including encouraging carmakers to bring more affordable and smaller EVs to market), a commitment from all levels of government to continue to expand EVs within their fleets, and consistent national policy to avoid boom and bust cycles in what’s still an emerging market. Over time, these measures would boost the supply of secondhand EVs.

While temporary cuts to fuel duty will reduce fuel bills in the short term, they won’t be enough. Coordinated action, tailored incentives and consistent policy will be needed to support households and businesses in going electric while making sure no-one is left behind.

ref. Fuel prices are driving more Australians to EVs – and secondhand cars are in high demand – https://theconversation.com/fuel-prices-are-driving-more-australians-to-evs-and-secondhand-cars-are-in-high-demand-279835

Greyhound racing to end in August as bill passes

Source: Radio New Zealand

Greyhound dogs racing on a sand track. (File photo) 123rf

Racing Minister Winston Peters is welcoming the passing of legislation which will end greyhound racing in August.

The Racing Industry Amendment passed its third and final reading with “overwhelming” cross-party support, Peters said.

“This action wasn’t taken lightly, but independent reviews in 2013, 2017 and 2021 provided clear evidence of serious animal welfare concerns.

“While improvements were made, those gains plateaued and injury/death rates remained unacceptably high to the point the sport had lost its social licence. Action had to be taken,” Peters said.

A transition agency had been set up to help with transitioning the dogs once the racing ends in August.

“The passing of this Bill enables the establishment of a transition agency to oversee the wind‑down of racing and the rehoming of dogs, and we are now moving into the formal setup phase.”

The transition agency would be headed by the current members of the Ministerial Advisory Committee on greyhound racing, Heather Simpson (chairperson), Murray Johnson and Dr Lindsay Burton, with a fourth member to be appointed later.

Key elements of the transition agency’s work included:

  • Assistance for greyhound owners, to ensure dogs receive a high standard of care while awaiting rehoming, including housing, training and behavioural support for the dogs.
  • Partnerships with existing rehoming agencies, with practical support in place to expand their rehoming capacity and the number of dogs adopted.
  • Retraining and redeployment support for industry workers, delivered in partnership with the Ministry of Social Development, to help affected workers move into new jobs.
  • Mental health and wellbeing support services for people whose daily lives have been closely tied to greyhound racing.

Peters said the people involved in greyhound racing and the dogs would not be abandoned during the closure.

“This Bill underpins a structured transition, with funding, agencies, and support mechanisms in place. We are not walking away from our responsibilities; we are meeting them head on.”

The ban on greyhound racing would take effect from 1 August, allowing time for a responsible and carefully managed transition.

“This is a good day for greyhounds,” Peters said.

“It’s a rare moment when Parliament speaks with such a strong majority, principled voice. Those moments matter, and this is one of them.”

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Do trans women have an advantage in sport? The genetics of sex are complex

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Jenny Graves, Distinguished Professor of Genetics and Vice Chancellor’s Fellow, La Trobe University

Last week, the International Olympic Committee announced it will determine whether athletes are eligible for women’s events by mandating a once-in-a-lifetime screening for the male-determining gene, SRY.

But this new rule raises many questions – about why “female” is being defined this way, whether there is evidence trans women have an advantage, and whether a “level playing field” in sport is even possible.

Testing for sex

In humans and other mammals, the SRY gene determines sex in the early embryo. This gene kickstarts the development of testes and their production of androgens – male hormones (testosterone and its derivatives), which drive male development.

The SRY gene lies on the Y chromosome. Males have an X and a Y chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes.

Over the decades, sex tests changed from anatomical inspection to using microscopes to detect the second X in women or the Y chromosome in men. But testing was slow, and misdiagnosed athletes with sex chromosome variation.

So a test was developed to detect the SRY gene directly. This is the test the International Olympic Committee will use.

But it’s not as simple to determine “male” or “female” as you might think. The SRY gene activates a network of dozens of genes that promote testis development or block ovary formation. Variation in any of these genes can produce girls with SRY or boys with no SRY.

Indeed, the scientist who co-discovered the SRY gene has warned that this test misdiagnoses athletes with variant sex genes and chromosomes.

For example, some women have an inactive form of the SRY gene that does not induce testis development. Other women have a typical SRY gene, and testes that produce androgens, but have an inactive form of the molecule that activates androgens, so their bodies can’t use male hormones. The SRY test would misdiagnose these women as biological males and ban them.

Likewise, there are men with two X chromosomes who lack SRY but have other variant genes that override it. According to the SRY test they would be allowed to compete in Olympic women’s events.

The International Olympic Committee test must take account of these variants.

What is the evidence for male advantage in sport?

Over decades, physiological studies have shown men have, on average, larger hearts, more efficient lung function and greater muscle mass than women.

As for any trait, there are wide distributions that overlap – for example, there are tall women and short men. However, on average, there can be no doubt men are bigger and stronger than women.

Recent evidence implies that these differences are just the tip of the iceberg. Nearly all our 20,000-odd genes are not on the Y chromosome and are shared by both sexes. But research in 2017 shows that nearly one-third of our 20,000 genes act differently in men and women. Not just in reproductive tissues, but in heart, lungs, brain – everywhere. The same sex differences are seen in monkeys and are apparent before birth.

In three kinds of muscle cells, 2,100 genes work differently in men and women. So sex differences are much more profound than we had appreciated.

Traditionally, these differences have been attributed to the powerful effects of androgens on development at every stage – in the embryo, through childhood and particularly at puberty.

But experiments with mice with genetically manipulated sex chromosomes have showed many fundamental aspects of physiology – such as fat and energy metabolism – are associated not with SRY or hormones, but with the number of X chromosomes.

And the ongoing health advantages provided by the Y chromosome can be seen by the negative effects when men lose it in some cells as they age.

So there are major sex differences in function in every tissue, and it’s not all due to hormones.

But what’s the evidence for transgender advantage in sport?

This is much less clear.

Transitioning from male to female requires hormone replacement. This means suppressing androgens and taking oestrogen, which is much more active in females.

This dramatically changes the body. A trans woman taking oestrogen will develop breasts and more body fat, and lose muscle mass. Her testes will also atrophy.

Trans girls may also take puberty blockers before going through male puberty. These medications stop the body producing the surge of androgens that leads to irreversible physical changes.

So the question of whether trans women athletes have a physical advantage over cis women comes down to understanding what irreversible sex differences took place before and during puberty to organ growth and function, as well as any ongoing non-hormonal differences that might affect function in relevant tissues.

Here the evidence is contradictory, and varies according to when and how someone transitioned. Some studies show significant differences in performance indicators and others don’t. There is some agreement that trans women have, on average, longer limbs, a stronger hand grip and greater muscle mass. But after two years, their cardiac and respiratory function resembles that of cis women.

We have no data on gene activity in trans women athletes, so there are questions we can’t answer. Do the 2,100 genes in their muscle cells revert to a female pattern of activity? Do other genes on the Y chromosome protect their heart and kidney function? Does the lack of a second X improve their fat and energy metabolism?

Where is this level playing field?

So where does this leave the International Olympics Committee ban on transgender athletes? Do we need more data? Do we need to modify our thinking?

I would expect more data would just confirm that trans women who went through male puberty do, on average, have some advantages in organ size and function that are not reversible by hormone therapy or are hormone-independent. Even if transition was before puberty, non-hormone effects apparent in the early embryo probably manifest as more subtle differences in performance.

These differences may be slight. But cis women may contend they are significant in elite sports, where competitors can win medals by running or swimming 0.01 seconds faster than everyone else.

Like many attempts to regulate human behaviour, this ban founders on human variability.

Further complicating things, there is already great physical variation among cisgender athletes in the very attributes that make them excel at sport. For instance, variation in androgen levels has already provoked calls to ban hyper-androgenised women and to mandate allowable hormone levels.

This gets a bit ridiculous – do we ban exceptionally tall women from playing basketball?

Participation in sport is important for health and social connections. Sometimes it’s a lifesaver for trans women.

So discussing alternatives – such as open competitions that run alongside the Olympics, or categories based on something other than sex – remains crucial.

But maybe we need to admit that the playing field in sport can never be truly level. Elite athletes are probably off the charts in many physical and physiological attributes. Is this fair on the rest of us?

ref. Do trans women have an advantage in sport? The genetics of sex are complex – https://theconversation.com/do-trans-women-have-an-advantage-in-sport-the-genetics-of-sex-are-complex-279647

‘Small and underwhelming’: Albanese’s gambling reforms won’t do much to reduce harm

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Samantha Thomas, Professor of Public Health, Deakin University

More than 1,000 days after the release of the Murphy report, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has finally announced decisive action on tackling gambling advertising in Australia.

In mid-2023, the late Labor MP Peta Murphy presented a report that recommended a ban on gambling advertising due to the harms caused by those ads on TV, at sports venues and online.

Despite widespread cross-party support for the recommendations, Albanese failed to commit to any action – until this week.

So, what are the changes, do they go far enough and will they work?

What did the Murphy report recommend?

Murphy made 31 recommendations in her 2023 report, You win some, you lose more.

Its terms of reference covered online gambling, with Murphy calling for a

phased, comprehensive ban on all gambling advertising on all media, broadcast and online, that leaves no room for circumvention.

The report was broadly supported by all sides of politics, but many were left frustrated by Albanese’s delay in pushing tangible reforms.

What are the new reforms?

After almost three years, Albanese told the National Press Club in Canberra on Thursday he was implementing several restrictions to “minimise children’s exposure to gambling harm”. These are

  • restricting gambling advertising on broadcast television to no more than three ads each hour between 6am-8:30pm, with a complete ban during live sport broadcasts within those hours

  • banning gambling ads on the radio during school drop-off and pick up times (8am-to 9am and 3pm-4pm)

  • banning gambling ads through online platforms, unless people have a logged-in account, are over 18 and have the option to opt out of gambling advertising

  • banning the use of celebrities and sports players in gambling ads, along with odds-style ads targeting sports fans

  • banning gambling ads in sports venues and on players’ and officials’ uniforms.

Albanese said:

We’re getting the balance right here, letting adults have a punt if they want to but also making sure Australian children don’t see betting ads everywhere they look. What we don’t want is kids growing up thinking that footy and gambling are the same thing.

The government will also look to crack down on online “pocket pokies”, offshore gambling providers and also strengthen BetStop – the national self-exclusion register.

He said his government would aim to enforce these changes from January 1, 2027.

So, will they work?

Australians gamble the highest amount per capita globally: more than $30 billion annually.

But research shows the majority of Australians wanted action on gambling ads: about 75% supported a total ban, while about 80% supported a ban on social media, online, in stadiums and on players’ uniforms.

The proposed measures fall well short of the comprehensive reforms recommended by Murphy.

Sure, this is a step in the right direction. But it’s a pretty small and underwhelming one – the government is offering a diluted package of gambling reforms.

Young people in Australia are growing up in environments saturated with betting promotions, normalised through sport, media and digital platforms. Our research shows young people see gambling advertising “everywhere” and think it can be highly influential in shaping attitudes and encouraging gambling.

The proposed reforms do little to address this exposure in a meaningful way.

Limiting ads to three per hour during the day on television does little to reduce children’s exposure to gambling ads. It just regulates the pace of the exposure. A child watching afternoon or early evening programming will still be exposed to a steady stream of gambling messages.

Likewise, banning ads during live sport sounds significant but only applies within certain hours, leaving ample opportunity for exposure before and after games, and across other programming and media channels.

Perhaps most concerning is what these reforms do not include.

There is no comprehensive ban on gambling advertising, despite this being a central recommendation of the Murphy report. Without such a ban, the industry retains significant freedom to continue promoting its products – simply shifting strategies across platforms, time slots and formats to maintain reach.

Peta Murphy at a press conference at Parliament House in Canberra in 2023.

Peta Murphy speaks at a press conference at Parliament House in Canberra in 2023. Mick Tsikas/AAP

And while the reforms focus on banning celebrities and athletes in gambling advertising, they miss how marketing is already evolving.

Young people consistently tell us that influencer content embedded into their social media feeds can be even more powerful than traditional celebrity endorsements. They say influencer promotions feel more relatable, more authentic, and are often harder to recognise than advertising.

They are exactly the kinds of strategies the industry will continue to lean into.

The problem with partial regulation

The most fundamental problem with partial regulation is that industries adapt. Online gambling is a high-tech industry that has demonstrated on multiple occasions that when one channel is restricted, marketing spending flows into another.

Without a comprehensive approach, including a national regulator to set the rules, these reforms risk creating an illusion of action.

Research is already showing us how quickly these strategies shift. As traditional sports betting audiences become more regulated, our recent research shows how the industry is increasingly targeting women through lifestyle branding, influencer marketing, and the integration of gambling into social and digital spaces.

The inconsistencies in the policy also raise an important question: if gambling promotions are deemed harmful enough to be removed from stadiums and player uniforms, why are they still acceptable across other forms of media that children consume daily?

What we are seeing is not a bold public health response but a cautious, politically palatable compromise. It allows the government to claim it is acting, while avoiding more substantive reforms that would likely face resistance from the gambling industry, sporting codes, and broadcasters.

Peta Murphy was serious about protecting young Australians from gambling industry harm. The government’s proposed reforms fail the Murphy test.

ref. ‘Small and underwhelming’: Albanese’s gambling reforms won’t do much to reduce harm – https://theconversation.com/small-and-underwhelming-albaneses-gambling-reforms-wont-do-much-to-reduce-harm-279847

Social Investment Agency commissions independent review of procurement practices

Source: Radio New Zealand

Kylie Reiri resigned in February. (RNZ / Teresa Cowie )

The Social Investment Agency has commissioned an independent external review of its procurement practices for contracts over $100,000.

The announcement follows the resignation of Social Investment Agency (SIA) deputy chief executive Kylie Reiri in February while under investigation in relation to allegations of bullying and harassment.

It also follows the resignation of former SIA chief executive Andrew Coster who quit in December following a scathing Independent Police Conduct Authority report.

The SIA confirmed to RNZ as part of an Official Information Act request on Thursday that they had commissioned an independent external review of its procurement practices for contracts valued over $100,000.

“The review is intended to provide assurance that procurement activity complies with the Government Rules of Sourcing and is appropriate for the scale and complexity of the agency’s work. This review is ongoing.

“While the review is underway, SIA continues to apply contract and work management practices to ensure that procurements support delivery of the agency’s work programme and provide value for money.

This includes ongoing oversight of supplier performance and alignment of contracted work to evolving agency priorities.”

Do you know more? Email sam.sherwood@rnz.co.nz

As the review had not been completed, SIA was not in a position to confirm whether any procurement activity breached the Government Rules of Sourcing, required an exception to those rules, or whether proper procurement processes were followed in all cases during the period in question.

RNZ also asked for a copy of all briefings, correspondence and reports in relation to investigations into Reiri.

“SIA has identified 63 documents within scope of your request. These documents relate to employment related processes and the internal consideration of allegations, including terms of reference, correspondence, and one email relating to alleged financial and procurement matters.

“The documents concern sensitive employment and internal matters and contain personal information. It is necessary for SIA to be able to manage employment issues and assess allegations effectively, including by enabling staff and other parties to communicate freely and candidly in the course of such processes.”

Andrew Coster quit in December. RNZ / Samuel Rillstone

SIA provided a table setting out all contracts with a value of over $100,000 that were initiated or maintained during the relevant period.

“Ten of these contracts related to work within the scope of the Deputy Chief Executive – Strategy and Performance and/or the Deputy Chief Executive – Technology, Transformation and Enabling Services roles.

“While this includes all contracts within those functional areas, not all of the contracts listed involved work commissioned or directed by the former Deputy Chief Executive.”

The OIA said that while Reiri held “certain budget delegations”, responsibility for budgets “ultimately rested with the former Chief Executive”.

Lawyers acting for Reiri earlier told RNZ in response to questions that she was not aware of any allegations relating to financial and procurement irregularities concerning herself or any other person.

“To the extent there are any allegations of this nature, these are false and denied.”

In an email on 12 February, released to RNZ, SIA’s acting chief executive and secretary for social investment Alistair Mason said Reiri had resigned.

“We acknowledge the contribution Kylie has made during her time here. We thank her for her service to the organisation and wish her well for the future,” he said.

“I know you may have questions, however, out of respect for Kylie’s privacy I am not able to discuss this matter.”

In an OIA released to RNZ, the SIA confirmed there had been two employment investigations over the last 12 months.

“I am also able to confirm that there has been one investigation in response to four formal reports of bullying and harassment. In the interest of privacy, we cannot provide a breakdown as to what each allegation was concerning.”

RNZ understands the investigation, which is ongoing, relates to Reiri.

“As a responsible employer, SIA takes these matters seriously and all complaints are investigated and followed through to the end. We have robust policies and procedures to manage disclosure of any allegations including protected disclosures (speak safe) and bullying and harassment policies, which provide informal and formal options for staff to raise concerns of serious wrongdoing and bullying and harassment.”

A SIA spokesperson said in a statement to RNZ they could confirm Reiri had resigned from her role.

Reiri’s profile on the SIA website, which has since been taken down, said she brought a “unique blend of public and private sector experience to the Social Investment Agency”.

“Her career has been dedicated to improving outcomes for New Zealanders through data-driven decision making and social investment approaches.”

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Former Māori All Black Shane Christie died with brain disease linked to repeated head knocks

Source: Radio New Zealand

Shane Christie. Supplied

Māori All Black and Highlander Shane Christie has been diagnosed with a brain disease likely to be connected with repeated head knocks by a pathologist at the University of Auckland’s brain bank.

Dr Clinton Turner found the former Tasman Mako captain had “high stage” chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) before his death by suspected suicide at the age of 39 in August 2025.

A report by a second pathologist Dr Michael Myskow noted Christie suffered several significant concussions during the course of his playing career.

RNZ is able to report on the pathologists’ opinions with the discharge of an interim non-publication order.

Christie’s former teammate and close friend Billy Guyton, who died by suspected suicide in 2023, was the first New Zealand-based professional rugby player to be diagnosed with CTE.

Christie retired from professional rugby in 2017 because of severe post-concussion symptoms.

He had spoken publicly about his belief he was suffering from CTE, which is linked to repeated head trauma, and can only be definitively diagnosed after death by examining brain tissue.

Shane Christie’s brain was donated to the University of Auckland’s brain bank. Evan Barnes/ Shuttersport

Myskow said Christie’s brain was donated to the University of Auckland’s brain bank, as per his wishes, and examined by Turner, an Auckland Hospital pathologist.

“Note is made of the fact that [Shane] was a professional rugby player who had suffered several significant concussions during the course of his playing career,” he said.

“In summary Dr Turner confirms the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) which he characterises as ‘high stage’.”

Player welfare a priority – New Zealand Rugby

New Zealand Rugby interim chief executive Steve Lancaster said support for players with post-concussive symptoms was a priority.

“Our thoughts are with Shane Christie’s whānau, friends and former teammates for their ongoing grief following his passing, especially during difficult times like this,” he said.

New Zealand Rugby interim chief executive Steve Lancaster. Photosport

“New Zealand Rugby acknowledges the CTE pathology results for Shane Christie confirmed by The Neurological Foundation Human Brain Bank. We also acknowledge and respect the role of the coroner to determine the nature of any inquiry they may hold examining the cause and circumstances of Shane’s passing.

“We share the concerns about the potential long-term effects of repeated head knocks in rugby and support the need for ongoing research into this.

“NZR recognises an association between repeated head impacts and CTE and takes this issue seriously.

“We are working with researchers to strengthen the understanding of CTE, recognising that further research to look at the brains of individuals who have not played contact sports is needed, before a definitive link can be established.

“While research into the long-term impacts of head injury is ongoing, our focus remains on the support we provide to our rugby community now.

“We take a precautionary approach focused on reducing injury risk at all levels of the game. Education, sanctions and, initiatives like Head Injury Assessments, flashing mouth guards, mandatory recovery periods, and brain health services for players reflect a growing commitment to safety across all levels of the game.

“Support for players who do experience post-concussive symptoms, mental health issues, or cognitive difficulties is a priority, regardless of any pathology that may or may not be identified later.

“With community rugby registrations now open, we know many parents will be giving some thought to their children’s safety. Community rugby is very different from the professional game, with an emphasis on fun, non-contact options, and a gradual, age-appropriate introduction to contact. This means the risk of concussion is significantly lower with the average rate of one concussion per 700 games for under-12s.

“We appreciate the public interest in this matter. Due to the circumstances surrounding Shane’s death, this matter was referred to the coroner, and as confidentiality obligations apply, we will not be commenting further during this process.”

Diagnosis confirms Shane Christie’s belief he had CTE

After Guyton’s death, Christie co-founded the Billy Guyton Foundation to try to prevent and raise awareness about brain injuries in rugby, while calling for increased duty of care in the sport.

Christie posted several stories on social media documenting his battles with concussion and fears that he was suffering from CTE.

In March 2024 Christie said he believed he was suffering from the same neurodegenerative brain condition that was diagnosed in Guyton’s post-mortem.

Christie said his own well-being plummeted following Guyton’s death.

“My concussion symptoms had significantly worsened since learning of Billy’s tragic death on May 13, 2023,” he wrote.

“Over the months of May to September 2023, I gradually exhausted my brain’s energy and cognitive capacity, pushing myself to a point where I became delusional and paranoid.

“During a critical 12-day period in early to mid-September, I experienced four manic, psychotic events. These events not only exacerbated my symptoms but also became increasingly radical and difficult to comprehend.”

After years of struggling with fatigue, anxiety and suicidal thoughts post-retirement, Christie came to the following conclusion: “As I now understand the effects that concussion had on Billy’s brain and witnessing the drastic changes in his life, I can only assume that I’ve developed CTE myself.”

In April 2024 Christie said he was trying to show “New Zealand Rugby, Players Association, ACC how players are having issues for multiple years about having concussion problems”.

“When you go to a specialist and you’ve had ongoing concussion problems, we’re not getting treated with CTE diagnosis or probable,” he said.

“And it means the treatment is non existent, instead of getting daily plans of how to recover or things that we need to do to monitor our health, reducing cognitive overload or stress, things like that, that can be practically implemented into our lifestyles, we just get told there’s nothing you can do about it.”

‘Desperately looking for help and misunderstood’

Christie’s former partner and friend Holly Parkes said the pathologist’s diagnosis did not come as a surprise.

“He would be like, ‘I told you, you should have listened to me. I was trying to tell you’,” she said.

Parkes, who first met Christie in 2010 and later spent time as his carer, said she knew he had CTE in 2023.

If Christie had not chosen to donate his brain to the University of Auckland’s Sports Human Brain Bank they would not have received the confirmation that he was suffering from CTE, not just poor mental health, Parkes said.

“The public thought that Shane had just sort of lost his mind but now to know that something was physically, biologically wrong with his brain, not psychologically wrong with his brain, it does vindicate his last years where he became a completely different person and everybody was very confused by his behaviour,” she said.

Parkes said research had already established a link between repeated head trauma and CTE.

“New Zealand Rugby and the Players Association want to keep their head in the sand and not admit that this is really a problem, they don’t want to implement the research,” she said.

“The current pathway… led Bill and Shane to the grave, essentially, because it’s a series of specialists and doctors who basically tell the boys that it’s mental health issues,” she said.

“To be told that there’s nothing wrong with you, but there’s something very, very wrong with you, it’s a painful experience to go through as a human.”

Parkes said Christie began experiencing concussion symptoms after the Māori All Blacks played the Harlequins in London in 2016, which was the last game of rugby he ever played.

“His full-time job became dealing with his concussion symptoms for those nine years and desperately looking for help and being misunderstood every year about his brain injury,” she said.

Before his death, Parkes said Christie was desperately searching for treatment and support, not only for himself but for other players in the same situation.

“I watched a man lose parts of his personality, I saw him slip into psychosis, I saw him having paranoid, psychotic episodes, not able to remember even a lot of our relationship,” she said.

“Before he died he was speaking to the Concussion Legacy Foundation overseas, desperately looking for help, desperately trying to be an advocate for other people so that their concussion injuries didn’t need to turn into CTE the way it did [for him].”

“He was really standing up and yelling and shouting, something very bad happened to Billy, my best friend, and now it’s happening to me. Can we please change? Can we please listen? Can we please implement the research?”

Shane Christie’s coffin being carried into the funeral service. RNZ / Samantha Gee

Since Christie’s death, Parkes has continued his work, advocating for better access to support and treatment for people dealing with the effects of head injuries sustained in contact sport.

She had started KnockStop, to provide early intervention, clear guidance and a pathway to proper care for the crucial 24 to 72-hour period after concussion.

The aim was for concussion kits to be available in pharmacies around the country, with instructions on how to manage a concussion, supplements to minimise post-concussion symptoms and links to different clinics that could treat brain injuries.

Parkes was also raising money for people to access treatment so they did not have to go overseas.

More work needed to make rugby safer

Nelson-based lawyer Craig Morice first got to know Christie in 2017 when he worked with him during negotiations with New Zealand Rugby and the New Zealand Rugby Players Association at the end of his career.

Morice said the CTE diagnosis provided a lot of answers.

“It confirmed what I’d always thought was going on in Shane’s head, but [the report] was hard to read and hard to take in,” he said.

“He’s right, he wasn’t crazy, he had a brain disease.”

Morice said Christie had complained to New Zealand Rugby about how his debilitating concussion injuries had been managed during his career and pushed for his treatment to be investigated.

A 2019 report by judge Jeremy Doogue made five recommendations, saying New Zealand Rugby needed to address a culture of under-reporting concussions and downplaying concussive events, standardise a concussion rehabilitation plan, establish a protocol for escalating serious cases and closely monitor scientific developments around the link between concussion and long-term degenerative conditions.

Morice said Christie had been motivated by a desire to make rugby safer current and former players and children but he felt increasingly shut out of conversations with the governing body.

“If there are recommendations made to make the game safer for everyone, why would New Zealand Rugby for years and years continue to not agree to release those?” he said.

“Shane loved rugby. He didn’t want to destroy it. He felt there needed to be a discussion about making it safer in respect of concussion and repeated concussive knocks.”

Morice is a former Tasman Rugby Union director, an age-grade rugby referee, and an advocate for player welfare.

“I’ve got two young boys who play rugby and my 15-year-old had his first concussion two years ago and Shane helped us through that,” he said.

He had heard from former All Blacks and other Super Rugby players in recent months, asking about the results of Christie’s brain scan and when the findings would be made public.

“Those players are battling their own demons, as they call them, and similar symptoms to Shane but there’s no cast or bandage and people can’t see what they’re battling with,” he said.

Christie played 29 matches for the Highlanders between 2014-2016 and was part of their Super Rugby-winning side of 2015, although he spent most of that campaign sidelined with injury.

He also played 73 times for Tasman over seven seasons before retiring because of concussion-related symptoms. He skippered Tasman to the team’s first NPC title in 2013.

The coroner’s inquiry into Christie’s death is ongoing.

Where to get help:

  • Need to Talk? Free call or text 1737 any time to speak to a trained counsellor, for any reason.
  • Lifeline: 0800 543 354 or text HELP to 4357.
  • Suicide Crisis Helpline: 0508 828 865 / 0508 TAUTOKO. This is a service for people who may be thinking about suicide, or those who are concerned about family or friends.
  • Depression Helpline: 0800 111 757 or text 4202.
  • Samaritans: 0800 726 666.
  • Youthline: 0800 376 633 or text 234 or email talk@youthline.co.nz.
  • What’s Up: 0800 WHATSUP / 0800 9428 787. This is free counselling for 5 to 19-year-olds.
  • Asian Family Services: 0800 862 342 or text 832. Languages spoken: Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, Vietnamese, Thai, Japanese, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, and English.
  • Rural Support Trust Helpline: 0800 787 254.
  • Healthline: 0800 611 116.
  • Rainbow Youth: (09) 376 4155.
  • OUTLine: 0800 688 5463.

If it is an emergency and you feel like you or someone else is at risk, call 111.

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– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

In the age of AI, why do Australian company boards have so few technology experts?

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Natalie Elms, Senior Lecturer, School of Accountancy, Queensland University of Technology

The global economy is undergoing major transformation as artificial intelligence (AI) filters into almost every industry – reshaping business models and investment decisions.

For those who sit on a company’s board, setting overall strategy and holding management to account, the shift is raising the bar on what’s required. Board members need to understand the new technology they’re investing in. They must also be equipped to oversee complex technological risks.

Given this, you’d expect to see large companies stacking their boards with directors who have science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) expertise. But that isn’t the case.

Our new research shows that at the largest 500 listed companies in Australia, many boards lack members with sufficient technological expertise. More than half had no directors with STEM expertise on their board.

Here’s why that’s a problem – and why all of us have a stake in fixing it.

What we found

We examined the backgrounds and expertise of directors from the largest 500 firms listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and compared board composition in 2007 to 2022.

We were interested in whether the number of directors with STEM expertise had increased to match the significant technological advancements that had taken place over that time.

We were surprised by the results.

We found the backgrounds and expertise of directors from Australia’s largest firms changed very little over 15 years. Directors with STEM expertise remained underrepresented on boards, increasing from 8% to just 13% over the period.

By comparison, directors with backgrounds in the traditional fields of accounting, banking and law occupied 42% of board seats (up from 40% in 2007). Directors with “C-suite” experience – roles such as chief executive officer, chief financial officer and so on – made up 35% of all board positions in 2022.

Even in industries with a scientific focus, such as technology and health care, we found accountants and bankers still outnumbered directors with STEM expertise.

Our study only goes up to 2022, when AI was relatively new on the scene. But newer data suggest the picture hasn’t changed much.

The 2025 Watermark Search International Board Diversity Index (which covers the largest 300 companies on the ASX) paints a similar picture. Directors with expertise in accounting, financial, legal or general management backgrounds still dominated boards (75%).

Technology has come a long way since 2007, when Apple launched the first iPhone. Are Australian company boards keeping up? Paul Sakuma/AP

Why is this a problem?

Research shows corporate strategy and investment decisions are shaped by the backgrounds and characteristics of the top management team – including board members.

Our research makes a clear case for getting more STEM expertise into the boardroom. We found companies with greater STEM representation on their boards invested more in innovation and investors valued them more highly.

This aligns with other research, which shows “innovativeness” is linked to better company performance, growth and survival.

STEM expertise becomes even more valuable in low-tech industries or companies where the chief executive doesn’t have a STEM background. Here, a director can step in to provide technical expertise and fill critical gaps in innovation strategy and capabilities.

Australia is falling behind

On innovation more broadly, Australia is falling behind many of its peers. A recent independent report the federal government commissioned found Australia’s research and innovation system was “broken” and needed significant reform.

But Australia still wants to be an innovation leader. This week, the federal government and global AI giant Anthropic signed a memorandum of understanding, backing plans to expand Australia’s AI infrastructure and attract big tech to Australia. Anthropic has previously announced it will open an office in Sydney this year.

At the same time, data centre operators are attracting high-profile investors and billions in investment.

There is clearly a strong appetite to invest in innovation and Australian firms that are willing to embrace it. The question is whether boards are adequately equipped to make the most of this momentum.

Chief executive of Anthropic, Dario Amodei, visited Canberra this week. PR Image/Supplied by Anthropic via AAP

Managing risks

A lack of STEM expertise doesn’t just limit firms’ innovation, it also increases their exposure to cyber risks. With a cyber attack reported in Australia every six minutes this has become one of the biggest threats to business growth and profits.

Major breaches have repeatedly made headlines in recent years, placing added pressure on boards to have robust cybersecurity measures in place.

Regulators, including the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, have reinforced this message, cautioning boards that cybersecurity is their responsibility.

In the new global economy shaped by the opportunities of AI and the threat of cyberattacks, technology is no longer a back-office function. It’s at the forefront of company policy and strategy.

To keep pace with this shift, companies should look to bring more technical expertise to the boardroom. All their customers, employees and suppliers – and Australians as a whole – have a stake in whether the boards get this right.

ref. In the age of AI, why do Australian company boards have so few technology experts? – https://theconversation.com/in-the-age-of-ai-why-do-australian-company-boards-have-so-few-technology-experts-279752

An ancient oracle warned invading Persia would backfire – from Croesus to Trump, rulers have failed to listen

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Peter Edwell, Associate Professor in Ancient History, Macquarie University

Invasions of ancient Persia were always daunting tasks. They often led to disaster.

In the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, the Persian empire came to dominate a vast and varied geography with Iran at its heart.

Comprising modern Iran, Iraq, Turkey, the Persian Gulf and parts of other neighbouring countries, the Persian Empire was established and ruled by the Achaemenids. This powerful dynasty lasted all the way to about 330 BCE when Alexander the Great defeated its last ruler, Darius III.

But in the early days of this Achaemenid Persian expansion (546 BCE), the legendary King Croesus (from Lydia, in western Turkey) decided to challenge it.

Reputedly the richest man in the world, Croesus consulted the famed Oracle of Apollo at Delphi (in Greece). The oracle, according to ancient writer Herodotus, told Croesus:

that if he should send an army against the Persians he would destroy a great empire.

Croesus’ subsequent invasion and defeat by the Persian king, Cyrus, saw the destruction of his own empire. The oracle accurately foretold the outcome but not as Croesus had hoped.

Croesus wasn’t the last ruler to invade Persia and realise he’d bitten off more than he could chew.

From the 6th century BCE to the 4th century CE, Greeks and Romans invaded Persia multiple times. The risks were high, the logistics complicated.

In fact – as US President Donald Trump is now discovering – wars like these, in this part of the world, are a lot easier to start than they are to end.

Complex and high-risk

The vast resources and manpower of the Achaemenid empire, together with its varied geography, made any invasion of Persia complex and high-risk.

When Alexander the Great (also known as Alexander III of Macedon) invaded in 334 BCE, he led stunning military successes against the Persians over the next few years.

But by the time of his premature death in Babylon in 323 BCE, organisation of the vast territory he had conquered was a hodge-podge of short-term arrangements.

Over time, the memory of Alexander in the Iranian territories he conquered was one of contempt. The Persian territory he conquered couldn’t be held by his successors.

Around 70 years after Alexander’s death, a new dynasty emerged in Iran.

Known as the Arsacid Parthians, they would dominate much of the former Achaemenid territory for centuries.

The Arsacid Parthians became the key rivals of the Romans as they (the Romans) expanded further east from the 1st century BCE onwards.

The first invasion of the Parthian empire by the Romans ended in total disaster – for the Romans.

The Roman general Crassus invaded Parthian imperial territory in southern Turkey in 53 BCE. The Parthian army annihilated Crassus’ forces near the city of Carrhae. Around 20,000 Roman soldiers died (including Crassus and his son) and 10,000 were captured.

This disaster would live in the Roman memory for centuries.

‘A source of constant wars and great expense’

Even when Roman invasions of the Parthian empire in the 2nd century CE were successful, there was often a sting in the tail. The emperor Trajan invaded all the way to the Persian Gulf in 116/117 CE but couldn’t hold any of his gains.

Later in the 2nd century CE, Roman invasions of the Parthian empire did see territorial gains in Mesopotamia (southern Turkey).

But one contemporary Roman writer, Cassius Dio, thought these gains were more trouble than they were worth:

He [emperor Septimius Severus] used to declare that he had added a vast territory to the empire and had made it a bulwark of Syria. On the contrary, it is shown by the facts themselves that this conquest has been a source of constant wars and great expense to us.

From loss to ultimate humiliation

In the 3rd century CE, the Sasanian dynasty took control of Iran and Mesopotamia from the Parthians. The Sasanian Persians inflicted serious defeats on invading Roman armies in the centuries ahead.

The Roman emperor Gordian III died in battle against the Sasanians in 244 CE. He led a large-scale invasion of the Persian empire but died trying to attack the capital, Seleucia-Ctesiphon. His successor (Philip I) signed a humiliating peace treaty to ransom what was left of the army.

But the ultimate humiliations for Roman emperors were yet to come.

In 260 CE, the emperor Valerian was captured by the Persian king, Shapur I.

Legendary accounts claimed Valerian served as a footstool for Shapur when he mounted his horse.

Rock reliefs from the 3rd century depicting Valerian and Philip I in subjection to Shapur survive in Iran to this day.

Around a century later, the emperor Julian died while invading the Persian empire. Leading an army of 60,000 men, Julian suffered a heavy defeat and was killed north of the Persian capital, Seleucia-Ctesiphon.

The ensuing peace treaty saw Rome lose key territory and fortresses in northern Mesopotamia.

It would take more than a century for Rome to recover from this defeat.

Most ancient invasions of the Persian empire caused serious problems for those who prosecuted them.

The varied and sometimes harsh nature of the geography was an important factor. The national resolve and military preparedness were others.

While the current US-Israel war against Iran is different in many ways to ancient wars directed at Persia, the 3rd-century Sasanian rock reliefs are reminders of what can go wrong.

ref. An ancient oracle warned invading Persia would backfire – from Croesus to Trump, rulers have failed to listen – https://theconversation.com/an-ancient-oracle-warned-invading-persia-would-backfire-from-croesus-to-trump-rulers-have-failed-to-listen-279750