Page 9

Simon Kneebone joins Black Ferns coaching team

Source: Radio New Zealand

Simon Kneebone has been appointed a Black Ferns assistant coach, focusing on set pieces. SUPPLIED

The Black Ferns have a new assistant coach who will focus on their set piece.

Simon Kneebone completes the coaching group, joining head coach Whitney Hansen, and assistants Tony Christie (attack) and Riki Flutey (defence).

Christie and Flutey had been assistants during Allan Bunting’s reign, which ended when the Black Ferns finished third at last year’s World Cup.

Kneebone has come through the ranks in women’s rugby coaching and helped Canterbury win back-to-back Farah Palmer Cup titles in 2018-19 as their forwards coach.

After returning to the Canterbury team in 2024, he was appointed assistant coach for Matatū in Super Rugby Aupiki and assistant coach for the Black Ferns XV.

“Coaching in the women’s space is incredibly rewarding, I love how motivated the players are for growth both on and off the field, and supporting them as they chase greatness. The Black Ferns are a special team with a proud history and I’m excited to contribute to the success of our players as they reach their highest potential,” Kneebone said in a statement.

Hansen, who was appointed head coach at the end of last year, said Kneebone would bring much to the Black Ferns’ set piece.

“I’ve had the privilege of witnessing Simon’s coaching journey throughout the ranks and his knowledge around set piece is outstanding. His understanding of the style we want to play combined with his passion for skill development will be invaluable to this group in bringing out the best of our players, experienced and new.

“His ability to build trust will be critical to enhancing our environment alongside our other coaches and management. I believe we’ve got the best people in place,” Hansen said.

Jenelle Strickland will continue her role as Black Ferns team manager.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Have women quit cutting their hair short when they get older?

Source: Radio New Zealand

Rebecca Wadey can’t imagine ever cutting her hair.

The Auckland-based writer and former editor of online magazine Ensemble will turn 50 this year. Her hair, which she describes as “big, curly and coarse”, reaches well below her shoulders “to my elbows if I straighten it”.

When she surfs, it blinds her; if it gets wet after in the late afternoon, it won’t dry overnight. “It’s a pain in the arse,” she admits.

Rebecca Wadey’s wild and unruly hair.

Supplied

At the Oscars after-party, the fashion was sexy, strange and sensual

Source: Radio New Zealand

The Oscars red carpet is typically viewed as the apex of awards season dressing. What the stars wear to the Dolby Theater is the culmination of months of business negotiations between talent agencies, stylists and fashion houses, generating millions of views for brands and, when successful, can cement an actor’s relevancy in a fast-moving industry.

Once the Academy Awards wrapped up on Sunday evening, stars poured into the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (where the famed Vanity Fair after-party moved to this year for the first time), several wearing clothes that were sexy, strange and practically R-rated.

It was like a fashion watershed. If the Oscars delivered variations of “tradwife” dressing — think Old Hollywood glamour, with enough embroidered flowers to fill a meadow and dramatic, full silhouettes of a bygone era — then the after-party hinged on 21st century sex appeal.

Mikey Madison attends the 2026 Vanity Fair Oscar Party.

NEILSON BARNARD

Mince records biggest annual increase since data began

Source: Radio New Zealand

The average price of a kilogram of beef mince was now $4.60 more than the same time in 2025. RNZ / Vinay Ranchhod

Food prices were up 4.5 percent in the year to February, and mince has recorded the biggest annual increase since data began.

Meat, poultry and fish led the increases, up 7.5 percent annually.

Fruit and vegetables lifted by 9.4 percent.

Sirloin steak was up 21.5 percent annually and even beef mince was up 23.2 percent, to an average $24.46 a kilogram.

Chocolate was up 20.3 percent annually.

Stats NZ’s price and deflators spokesperson Nicola Growden said the average price of a kilogram of beef mince was now $4.60 more than the same time in 2025.

“This is the largest annual price increase in beef mince prices since the series began in June 2006.”

Westpac senior economist Satish Ranchhod said export beef prices were up, which was being reflected in local prices.

Westpac is expecting beef prices to move higher still through this year, as global supply remains tight.

BNZ chief economist Mike Jones said international meat prices were at record levels. “Driven in particularly by a real tightening in the US market. US cattle numbers are at the lowest level since 1951, so they are short of beef and that is pushing the global price up. We’re now seeing that reflected more in the retail prices that we pay,”

He said it was hard on households who might have relied on mince to be a cheaper staple.

“If you look at the food price index, you’ve got much higher mince and meat prices, you’ve got bread, veggies all going up in some cases in double digits.

“And we’re starting down some big increase in petrol prices as well, so it is very much concentrated in some of those essential categories so it’s going to be particularly tough going for households that never got much relief from the cost of living. We’re going to have to have a pretty hard look at some of our forecasts for things like consumer spending over the rest of the year.”

Infometrics chief forecaster Gareth Kiernan said the increases were concentrated in red meat, rather than chicken or pork.

“The price at the sale yards for beef has gone up 71 percent since March 2024. Lamb is up 85 percent and that’s driven by strong demand out of China and the US. At the same time, global supply coming out of New Zealand and Australia is quite weak as well.”

Some things did get cheaper – olive oil was down 22.1 percent over a year and potato crisps down 3.2 percent.

Growden said chocolate biscuits also fell in price.

Food prices are expected to increase in the coming months as disruption in the Middle East pushes up oil prices.

Kiernan earlier told RNZ that sectors such as fishing were particularly exposed to increases in oil prices.

Sign up for Money with Susan Edmunds, a weekly newsletter covering all the things that affect how we make, spend and invest money

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Overhaul of ERO school reports announced

Source: Radio New Zealand

The Education Review Office says it is introducing new, simpler reports about schools next month.

It says from term two ERO reports will include a summary that gives families an at-a-glance understanding of the performance of their children’s school.

The office says the new reports will have more focus on children’s progress to show how well schools are improving their pupils’ achievement.

They will also include a visual representation of how each schools is performing across a number of areas.

Education Minister Erica Stanford is in Auckland where she is announcing the overhaul.

ERO chief review officer Ruth Shinoda said the new reports would lift education standards by providing parents with clear, useful and accessible information about schools.

“Crucially, they are more sharply focused on the things that make the biggest difference to learner success and wellbeing – including attendance, progress, achievement and assessment.

“Parents and whānau will be able to clearly see what’s working well in a school, and what needs attention – and they will be able to see the clear pathway for schools to follow to lift student outcomes.

“Equally, the reports are a critical document for school leaders – so they know what to focus on to lift student success,” Shinoda said.

Shinoda said the they would provide a roadmap for improvement to enable schools to make changes and get support they need, and would also celebrate progress schools had made.

“Ultimately these changes will drive improvement for education for every learner in New Zealand,” she said.

Education Minister Erica Stanford is announcing the overhaul. Watch live at the top of the page.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Wattie’s NZ’s proposed cuts ‘a really big blow’ to seed, arable growers

Source: Radio New Zealand

The Wattie’s factory in Christchurch. Nathan McKinnon / RNZ

Wattie’s New Zealand’s proposal to stop producing frozen vegetables is expected to impact the country’s already-hurting vegetable growers and seed producers.

The seed industry was taking stock of what last week’s announcement by one of the country’s largest food producers, would mean for growers.

A well-known packet of Wattie’s frozen mixed vegetables of peas, carrots and corn for example, perhaps no more under new proposals.

Phased closures were also being proposed at its food factories in Auckland, Dunedin, Christchurch and its packing facility in Hastings.

Around 350 mostly full-time roles would be impacted, including vegetable growers – around 220 of them in Canterbury alone.

Heinz Wattie’s previously said the decision was not taken lightly, but was a necessary step to position the company for the future.

Industry group Seed and Grain New Zealand chief executive, Sarah Clark said if Wattie’s stopped contracting vegetables from the region, farmers would lose income from both the crop and the seed.

“The Wattie’s proposal is a really big blow for the arable sector as a whole,” she said.

“Several of our members supply pea seeds for sowing to Wattie’s, so the direct impact to our members, the seed companies, of their proposal is that there’ll be less demand for pea seed, and that in turn means fewer contracts for the farmers, the people who are growing those pea seed crops.”

Clark said the decision was “probably a kick in the guts” for growers, after such a tough season marred by wet weather causing root disease.

She said this was worsened by the rapidly increasing cost of fuel and fertiliser, due to the war in the Middle East.

“The sector’s having a tough time anyway.”

Clark said there were other pea varieties farmers could incorporate into their crop rotation to plug the pea gap.

“Farmers will be hit with a difficult decision about how they maintain their other crop rotations, without either the fresh pea crop that they had growing peas for Wattie’s or the crop of peas for seed production.

“So yeah, it’s a bit of a double whammy for the farmers, unfortunately.”

Heinz Wattie’s previously said the decision was not taken lightly, but was a necessary. 123rf

Growers facing uncertainty

Key vegetable growing region Canterbury was also a seed powerhouse, producing more than half the world’s supply of hybrid radish and 40 percent of the global carrot seed supply, exporting to more than 60 countries.

Horticulture New Zealand chief executive Kate Scott said growers supplying Wattie’s now faced a great deal of uncertainty.

“This is tough news for the New Zealand vegetable sector and for the consumers who rely on locally grown and processed food,” she said.

“While we recognise this is a decision made within a global business, the consequences are very real here at home.”

Scott said growers could not keep producing crops without reliable markets for them, which over time would result in fewer vegetables being grown and processed in New Zealand.

“That would be a concerning direction for New Zealand. In a world where supply chains are increasingly disrupted and freight costs fluctuate; it makes sense to maintain strong domestic food production.”

Consultation on Wattie’s proposals will close next Wednesday on March 25th.

New proposals follow earlier cuts to crops

The company owned by American food giant Kraft Heinz decided to slash some of its crop intake following a review last year, impacting canned peach production, and corn, beetroot, tomatoes.

Wattie’s New Zealand corn from Hawke’s Bay. RNZ/Monique Steele

In recent years, the company made complaints about reports of cheaper imports being dumped into the New Zealand market to the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE).

MBIE carried out a number of investigations over the past decade into dumping claims of various products, including peach products from countries like Greece, Spain, South Africa and China, and potato fries.

Investigations could result in duties being applied, which happened for preserved peaches from Spain in 2022 and canned peaches from Greece in 2021, among others.

Owner Kraft Heinz also recently rolled back earlier proposals to split up the business, which it told RNZ in September was unrelated to the decision to reduce peach production.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

NZ, Samoa vow to combat flow of drugs through Pacific ‘super highway’

Source: Radio New Zealand

New Zealand and Samoa have vowed to do more to combat the flow of drugs through the Pacific, which prime minister Christopher Luxon says has become a “super highway”.

Luxon and his Samoan counterpart La’aulialemalietoa Polataivao Leuatea Fosi Schmidt have signed memorandums of understanding for Police and Customs to work together and share more information.

The agreement would see dedicated New Zealand Police officers embedded in Samoa.

Both Luxon and La’auli were under no illusions as to the challenges the Pacific faced.

Prime minister Christopher Luxon in Samoa. RNZ / Giles Dexter

“We have recognised that border risk … the fast paced problem of illegal drugs crossing our borders is on the rise,” La’aulialemalietoa said.

“We’re up against it. We’re up against crime families in South America that are doing extraordinary things now to send drugs into our region,” Luxon said.

“And actually, the border and the security is the Pacific. It’s not just the New Zealand border alone as well. So it’s very important that we work together.”

Later, Luxon watched a demonstration of a drug seizure by two detector dogs donated by New Zealand, as part of the Pacific Drug Detector Dog Programme.

A combined effort to combat transnational crime is something Luxon would be bringing with him to Tonga on Tuesday afternoon, as he flew in for a meeting with prime minister Lord Fatefehi Fakafanua.

But Luxon said he was also keen to talk energy security, and was preparing to discuss how officials could work together in that space as well.

It was likely the calls for visa waivers will follow Luxon to Nuku’alofa.

La’aulialemalietoa, community leaders, and Samoan media had all lobbied for Pacific visitors to be treated the same as those from 60 other countries, and be given visas on arrival.

But Luxon appeared unlikely to budge, for now.

“You see what happens around the world when immigration gets out of control, and it’s not legal and it’s not managed. We have, very much, a risk-based approach to it all. We’re trying to liberalise what we can do in the Pacific, and we’ll continue to look at it.”

Luxon would also be keen to put the matter of his matai title behind him as he left Samoa, after the Samoan government admitted neither Luxon nor any of his representatives had requested it.

Luxon said it was a “miscommunication”, and he had moved on, but would not say if Samoa’s government had apologised.

At a gala dinner on Monday evening, La’aulialemalietoa said the controversy was “nonsense” and advised Luxon to ignore it.

“Do not worry about the nonsense on Facebook. Let the village of Apia sort it out, and handle it with respect,” he said.

“It is normal for us here.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Tauranga School went in lockdown after reports of an armed person

Source: Radio New Zealand

Police say they’re continuing to make enquiries. RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly

A Tauranga school was put into lockdown this morning after reports of someone with a weapon.

Police were called to Cameron Road at about 8.50am.

“A nearby school was advised to be placed into a lockdown, however this has since been stood down,” Police said.

“The person alleged to have a weapon was located, where Police found a knife in their possession, and taken into custody.”

Police say they’re continuing to make enquiries.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

NZ’s 9th COVID-19 wave: why infections are rising – and how booster shots still help

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Michael Plank, Professor in Applied Mathematics, University of Canterbury

Six years after COVID-19 first reached New Zealand, the country is experiencing its ninth wave of infections.

But the virus we are living with today behaves very differently from the one that caused the global emergency in 2020–22.

Large outbreaks can still occur, but thanks to widespread immunity built through vaccination and infection, COVID now behaves more like other respiratory viruses that circulate each year in our communities.

Hospital admissions are currently around half the level seen during most of last winter, which itself was below earlier waves.

Wastewater monitoring – which tracks fragments of the virus shed into sewage – similarly points to a longer-term year-on-year decline in COVID activity.

New Zealand no longer publishes up-to-date reporting of COVID-attributed deaths, but earlier data showed a clear downward trend. Deaths fell from a high of 2,766 in 2022 to 664 in 2024 and were tracking well under that level before reporting stopped in mid-2025.

Right now, there is no notable variant of the virus driving the bump in cases.

Instead, wastewater surveillance shows a “soup” of subvariants of the still-dominant Omicron strain circulating in the community, with NB.1.8.1 accounting for just over half of positive samples.

This means the current wave likely reflects a combination of waning immunity, increased indoor contact in schools and workplaces, and the continued evolution of variants that can partially evade existing immune protection.

How does COVID-19 now compare?

In terms of overall population impact, recent seasons suggest the burden of COVID in many countries is broadly similar to seasonal influenza. Both viruses cause substantial illness each year and place pressure on health systems.

For example, influenza is estimated to cause about 135 deaths per million people in an average year in New Zealand – roughly 700 deaths annually, although the impact varies considerably between seasons.

In the United States, data shows influenza has caused more hospitalisations than COVID since 2024.

None of this means COVID is harmless. Even relatively small waves can still cause many people to become sick and take time off work.

But it is no longer the threat it was in 2022. Both COVID and influenza remain dangerous viruses that cause significant illness and still pose a risk of severe disease and death in high-risk groups.

COVID-19 has become less severe over time largely because the population has built high levels of immunity over the past five years. At first this protection came mainly from vaccination, which played a crucial role in ending the acute phase of the pandemic and the need for disruptive lockdowns.

Since then, population protection has increasingly come from a combination of vaccination and previous infection – often referred to as “hybrid immunity”. Most people have now encountered the virus at least once, and many more than once, which broadens immune responses across different variants.

This has strengthened population immunity and reduced the likelihood that new variants will cause the same level of severe disease seen earlier in the pandemic. However, the virus continues to evolve and periodic waves of infection are likely to remain a feature of COVID for the foreseeable future.

Infection-acquired immunity to reinfection is neither perfect nor permanent. But, as with other endemic respiratory viruses, accumulated immunity from both vaccination and infection now plays the main role in reducing severe outcomes and limiting the scale of outbreaks.

However, as for any pathogen, gaining immunity through infection carries risks.

There is still a risk of severe illness, particularly for older adults and those with underlying conditions, and some people develop Long COVID, where symptoms can persist for weeks or months after infection.

Who should get boosted?

While it is impossible to eliminate the risk of infection entirely, vaccination remains a far safer way to boost immunity.

This is especially important for people at higher risk of severe illness, such as older adults and those with compromised immune systems.

In New Zealand, people aged 80 and over are more than 10 times as likely to be hospitalised for COVID than those under 60, and account for the majority of COVID deaths.

For these reasons, the Immunisation Advisory Centre recommends adults aged 75 and over, people over 65 living in residential care, and those who are severely immuno-compromised get their booster shots every six months.

Annual vaccination is recommended for other high-risk groups, including adults aged 65–74, Māori and Pacific people aged over 50, and anyone with underlying health conditions that increase the risk of severe disease.

Healthy adults aged 30–64 might also consider an annual vaccination, especially if they live with or care for vulnerable people. Most children do not need routine vaccination unless they have severe immune compromise or other high-risk conditions.

While “real-world” effectiveness data for the latest booster is still emerging, it is designed, like earlier vaccines, to better match circulating variants and uses the same vaccine platform with a strong safety record.

As with influenza, vaccination remains the best tool we have to reduce the spread of infection and the risk of severe sickness.

For those of us who develop symptoms, the message remains the same: stay home to protect your friends, colleagues and the wider community.

ref. NZ’s 9th COVID-19 wave: why infections are rising – and how booster shots still help – https://theconversation.com/nzs-9th-covid-19-wave-why-infections-are-rising-and-how-booster-shots-still-help-278075

What one changing suburb tells us

Source: Radio New Zealand

Residents of Blockhouse Bay in southwestern Auckland were dismayed to learn early last year that their local Woolworths supermarket was earmarked to close.

While the Donovan Street store wasn’t the largest supermarket in the area, many living nearby treated it as an extension of their household refrigerators, popping down to the neighbourhood hub on a near-daily basis to pick up grocery supplies.

Rumours started circulating that a large chemist chain had taken over the lease or, worse still, that the 2,200-square-metre site had been sold to developers who wanted to build a block of apartments on it.

So it was with some relief that locals learned the lease had been taken over by grocery chain Golden Apple, with plans to open a fully functional Asian supermarket in August this year.

Blockhouse Bay’s iconic Armanasco homestead was built in 1890 by Stefano Armanasco, an Italian who came to New Zealand in 1885 and bought several parcels of land in the area. RNZ / Yiting Lin

But the recent tenancy changes at the heart of the village in this quiet residential Auckland suburb represent more than just a straight retail swap from a mainstream supermarket giant to an emerging rival.

It mirrors Auckland’s wider demographic changes as an increasing number of residents claim Asian heritage.

‘Little sleepy village’

Eileen Rusden was born in Blockhouse Bay almost a century ago, living there with her parents until she was about 20 years old.

When the 93-year-old first started school in 1939, she recalled the area being a “little sleepy village”.

“When I was here, there were probably only about five shops in the village,” she said.

Eileen Rusden was born in Blockhouse Bay almost a century ago. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Rusden said her school classmates were overwhelmingly English-speaking, most of them being children of European settlers who had arrived in New Zealand in the 1920s.

She recalls Blockhouse Bay being a happy place to grow up.

However, she noticed the suburb beginning to change after she married and moved away in 1953.

“That was when the housing started after World War II,” Rusden said. “The big farms and large sections were developed, and I missed all of that. That was when the village got more shops.”

By the time she returned to Blockhouse Bay in 2001, it looked little like the suburb she had once known.

But as more families have moved in, new businesses opened and the area continued to grow, Rusden said she had come to value the suburb’s diversity.

“I think it’s marvellous,” she said. “You go into all the shops now and you get such a lovely welcome.”

The number of Asian families living in Blockhouse Bay had grown steadily over the past three decades. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Mary Marshall, president of the Blockhouse Bay Historical Society, was born and raised in Blockhouse Bay.

The 70-year-old has watched the suburb change over the decades.

Marshall’s parents were British immigrants who arrived in New Zealand in 1949 after World War II and settled in the suburb soon after.

“Blockhouse Bay was a very different place at that time,” Marshall said.

In pre-European times, the headland at Blockhouse Bay Beach was the site of a Māori pā.

Indeed, the rocky outcrop still known as Te Whau Point and is regarded as an important archaeological site today.

“It had become very much a place in the early half of the century where people would come for picnics,” Marshall said.

“They’d go down to the beach. Companies would hold their summer picnics there and do everything.”

Mary Marshall, president of the Blockhouse Bay Historical Society RNZ / Yiting Lin

Marshall’s parents ran a dairy in the area, one of the few businesses at the time.

After World War II, more houses went up and the local shopping strip began to expand, she said.

However, Marshall said most dramatic demographic shift occurred after Hong Kong’s 1997 handover to China when a wave of migration from Asia changed the character of the suburb.

“You had all the British people coming through, obviously,” she said. “A lot of Chinese people immigrated to New Zealand, and the population changed tremendously then.”

A growing Asian population

Stats New Zealand’s 2023 Census showed that 3426 households resided in Blockhouse Bay.

The suburb’s estimated population in 2025 was 14,650.

The headland at Blockhouse Bay Beach was once the site of a Māori pā. Known as Te Whau Point, it remains an important archaeological site. RNZ / Yiting Lin

By ethnicity, 55.8 percent of Blockhouse Bay residents claimed Asian heritage.

Of those, 28 percent identified as Indian and 16.5 percent as Chinese.

European residents made up 33.5 percent of the local population, Pacific 10.9 percent and Māori 6.1 percent.

The figures sit within a broader shift across Auckland, where the proportion of individuals claiming Asian heritage is projected to make up 44 percent of the city’s population by 2043.

Krystene Vickers, a committee member of the Blockhouse Bay Historical Society who also lives in the suburb, said the local grocery store had always been the beating heart of the community.

Vickers, 63, said the first grocery store in Blockhouse Bay opened in 1949, when the local Winchcombe family converted its shop into a Four Square self-service store.

It remained the village’s main grocery destination until 1973, when Foodtown, a much larger supermarket chain, opened on the same site that will eventually be occupied by Golden Apple.

Foodtown operated in Blockhouse Bay during the 1980s and ’90s. Supplied / Sarah Trott

In a detail she described a fitting, Vickers said Foodtown’s rise also had connections to Auckland’s Chinese community.

Tom Ah Chee, an entrepreneur of Chinese descent from a successful family of produce merchants, helped establish the Foodtown chain across Auckland with several business partners.

Foodtown’s impact on Blockhouse Bay extended beyond being a place to shop.

Even after Blockhouse Bay Foodtown became a Countdown store in 2011, Vickers said the old name never quite disappeared.

“What’s funny is even with the rebranding over the years, staff pretty much remained the same,” she said.

“Our children grew up knowing them and often the kids worked stocking shelves … so it was very much part of the community as well.

“We never stopped calling it Foodtown,” she said.

Krystene Vickers holds a historic photograph of the yacht club house at Blockhouse Bay Beach. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Vickers agreed that Blockhouse Bay had been demographically diverse for several decades.

“Since I arrived [in 1989], that’s diversified out to much more encompass people from India, Pakistan, the Middle East, China and [South] Korea,” she said.

“It’s lovely. It’s just built this whole layer upon layer of culture and history that everyone brings.”

That diversity is now clearly visible in Blockhouse Bay’s town centre, where the mix of shopfronts reflects the suburb’s changing communities.

Blockhouse Bay Primary School was originally built in 1909. Although later relocated and modified, the original rooms are still in use today. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Stats New Zealand’s business data shows 1271 business locations in Blockhouse Bay in 2025.

Trevor Andrews, chairman of the Blockhouse Bay Business Association, said the local business landscape had shifted over time, expanding from an overwhelmingly European focus to include more Asian-run businesses, which he said had helped strengthen the community.

“It makes the community – the business community – a very vibrant community of different nationalities and different people,” Andrews said.

“Each business owner brings in its own different types of customers as well,” he said.

“We do get a lot of variety of people – a lot of different faces – coming to Blockhouse Bay.”

Shirley Browne, owner of Shirley’s in Blockhouse Bay RNZ / Yiting Lin

‘Feeling of belonging’

Shirley Browne, who has run a fashion store bearing her given name in Blockhouse Bay for more than three decades, said she had long been drawn to the suburb’s unique and calm character, even though she lived in nearby Titirangi.

Browne said she had built a loyal customer base over the years, and that getting to know newer Asian customers had also been rewarding.

“Some of the Asian people are a little bit more reserved perhaps,” she said.

“But in time they’ll smile and give you a wave and eventually come into the shop. So that’s been rewarding.”

Trevor Andrews (left) and Olwyn Andrews say the local business landscape has become more diverse, benefiting the wider community. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Olwyn Andrews, owner of Floriculture, has run her business in Blockhouse Bay village for more than five years.

The flower shop owner said the local commercial mix had shifted from retail toward more service-based businesses.

At the same time, changes in the suburb’s population have altered the rhythm of her work.

“We’re seeing a much broader demographic of people, and a lot of younger families moving in,” she said. “We’ve really watched our customer base change, and it’s been a good change.

“It’s good to learn about new cultures and their different preferences, including what they like and dislike in flowers.”

The original Blockhouse Bay Yacht Club on Te Whau Point, Blockhouse Bay Beach, in 1956. Supplied / Blockhouse Bay Historical Society Bill Glen Collection

Kevin He, branch manager at Ray White Blockhouse Bay, lived in the suburb for about 15 years before moving elsewhere.

He said the number of Asian families living in Blockhouse Bay had grown steadily since 2015.

“Our customer base is quite broad,” he said. “In terms of ethnicity, roughly 70 percent are of Asian descent, including Koreans, Chinese and Indians. Relatively speaking, about 30 percent are Chinese and 40 percent are Indian.”

Kevin He says the number of Asian families in Blockhouse Bay has grown steadily since 2015. RNZ / Yiting Lin

He said many new migrants chose Blockhouse Bay as a place to settle because the community offered a sense of belonging.

“You have the feeling of belonging here,” he said.

“In some areas, you might feel, ‘Oh, this place doesn’t have any Asian faces,’ and you might feel a bit lonely. But when you come to this area, you feel welcomed.”

Bharat Patel and his wife have run Domain Dairy for about 20 years in Blockhouse Bay.

The shop, built around 1927 by a landowner named Fowler, was the third in the area.

Patel said the dairy had been sustained by strong support from the local community.

“A lot of people from Asia are coming, Indians and Chinese too,” Patel said. “Some Pākehā have moved away. Still, people are good here. Pākehā customers support the dairy a lot.”

Bharat Patel and his wife have run Domain Dairy in Blockhouse Bay for about 20 years. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Although the dairy had changed hands many times, Patel said its place in the suburb’s collective memory had remained intact.

“Sometimes Pākehā people come here to visit and say, ‘When we were kids, we used to buy from this dairy,’” he said.

Patel is considering retiring next year.

But after roughly 35 years in New Zealand, he was proud to be carrying forward a business that had nearly 100 years of history.

Sailing boats are assembled at Blockhouse Bay Beach for race day in 1957. Supplied / Blockhouse Bay Historical Society Bill Glen Collection

Eleena Kujur, manager of Indian restaurant Ricksha, said she had found Blockhouse Bay a safe and welcoming place to live and work.

As a migrant, she said her relationship with customers often felt less like a transaction and more like friendship.

“We haven’t had any customers who don’t treat us like family,” she said. “They don’t even call the restaurant number. They call us directly and ask, ‘Can you book our table?’”

Eleena Kujur has found Blockhouse Bay a welcoming place to live and work. RNZ / Yiting Lin

‘It makes us richer’

After more than 13 years in the florist industry, including running flower shops in various parts of Auckland, Andrews said the changes in Blockhouse Bay reflected Auckland’s broader evolution as a more diverse city.

“I do think Auckland has become more diverse,” she said. “I’ve seen the change since I was a teenager at Lynfield College to where I am now.

“I do think it’s a good change. We learn so much from other people, from other cultures, from other walks of life. It makes us richer to have those experiences.”

Almost 56 percent of Blockhouse Bay residents claim Asian heritage. RNZ / Yiting Lin

Marshall agreed, saying the demographic changes were not confined to Blockhouse Bay but were visible across the country.

“New Zealand has been a land where immigrants came,” she said.

“Here have always been different waves of migrants that changed the ethnicity of the place and the diversity.

“All of those different groups of ethnicities brought new things with them.

“That’s what I think is fantastic about those changes and the diversity that comes through happening all over Auckland, all over New Zealand.”

Businesses in Blockhouse Bay have become more diversified over the years. RNZ / Yiting Lin

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Why Oscar-winning actor Sean Penn skipped the ceremony

Source: Radio New Zealand

Film star Sean Penn stepped out of a train carriage in central Kyiv on Monday, thousands of miles away from the glitz of Hollywood’s Dolby Theatre where he had failed to turn up to receive his third acting Oscar hours earlier.

Penn, 65, won the Oscar for best supporting actor for his role in the political thriller One Battle After Another but skipped the ceremony to travel to meet Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky in the war-battered capital.

Ukraine’s state railway operator posted a short video clip of Penn getting out of the train in the morning, saying it had kept his trip a secret until the very last moment.

“Now we can say it officially: Sean Penn chose Ukraine over the Oscars!” it said on its Facebook page.

Zelensky posted a picture of him meeting the actor in the presidential office in Kyiv’s barricaded government quarters.

The photo showed the black-clad president talking to Penn who was wearing a t-shirt and jeans. There were no immediate details on their conversation.

“Sean, thanks to you, we know what a true friend of Ukraine is,” Zelensky wrote on the Telegram app.

“You have stood with Ukraine since the first day of the full-scale war. This is still true today,” Zelensky added.

Penn, a long-time advocate for Ukraine, has visited the country several times during the four-year war with Russia.

He filmed a documentary about Russia’s invasion that premiered in February 2023.

Penn also lent Zelensky, a former comedian and actor, one of his other Oscars in 2022.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Two people hospitalised after four-vehicle crash in Palmerston North

Source: Radio New Zealand

Two people are being taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. Supplied / St John

Emergency services are at the scene of a four-vehicle crash in Palmerston North this morning.

The crash was reported at about 8.25am at the intersection of Rangitikei Line and Flygers Line in Cloverlea, police said.

Two people are being taken to the hospital with non-life-threatening injuries.

Motorists are advised to use alternative routes while the scene is cleared.

But the road is expected to reopen shortly.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

What the 2026 Oscars revealed about the current political mood in Hollywood

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Luis Freijo, Research Associate in Film Studies, King’s College London

The 2026 Academy Awards revealed a striking contradiction. Many of the winning films grapple with urgent contemporary issues, or difficult questions of historical memory. Yet their makers avoided following up on that political character in their acceptance speeches.

This paradox is revealing of the current political mood in Hollywood: filmmakers are willing to engage with politics in their work, but reluctant to raise their own voices.

It makes for a puzzling irony that contrasts with the attitude of, for instance, the music industry in the Grammy Awards. In a year of tariffs, Epstein files, US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) shootings and military interventions in Venezuela and Iran, the show’s host, comedian Conan O’Brien, kept the political references contained to harmless jokes.

For instance, O’Brien mentioned the tighter security for the gala, appearing to reference the FBI’s warning of possible drone attacks against the US west coast. But the nod quickly revealed itself as a pun about actor Timothée Chalamet’s recent declaration that “no one cares” about ballet and opera.

Even some of the more political speeches, such as Michael B. Jordan’s mention of the Black actors that preceded him when accepting the best actor Oscar, kept to industry boundaries.

Michael B. Jordan’s acceptance speech mentioned the Black actors he felt pathed the way for him.

Only comedian Jimmy Kimmel, whose show Jimmy Kimmel Live! has become strongly critical of President Donald Trump, obliquely mentioned his looming presence when presenting the best feature documentary award.

Politics of the nominated films

This attitude is glaringly detached from what this year’s nominees communicate in their films.

Bugonia, directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, poked at conspiracy theories through its kidnapping plot. The constant ping-pong hustle of Marty Supreme returned to the foundational moment of US capitalism in the 1950s and pointed out that it was already rotten way before Reaganomics and Trump. The Secret Agent, meanwhile, set its thriller story against the historical memory of the dictatorship in Brazil.

The two main winners of the night were also the most political films. Joyfully disguised behind the vampire film conventions and musical performances of Sinners lies a condemnation of ongoing racism in the US. But the film also proposes blues music as an alternative way to experience the world and create loving and protective connections between its inhabitants.


Read more: Sinners: how real stories of Irish and Choctaw oppression inform the film


In this sense, Delroy Lindo’s performance as ageing blues singer Delta Slim centres the political core of the film. His retelling of a friend’s murder by lynching is first a lament, then rhythm and finally blues.

Lindo competed for best supporting actor against Sean Penn, whose winning work in One Battle After Another became relevant when it started to overlap with the media presence of Greg Bovino, commander-at-large of the US Border Patrol. Under Bovino’s command two US citizens were shot by Ice in Minneapolis in January.

Paul Thomas Anderson wins best director for One Battle After Another.

One Battle After Another recaptures the political spirit of 1970s US films such as The Three Days of the Condor (1975), Network (1976) and All the President’s Men (1976). These films reacted against the consequences of the Vietnam War and President Richard Nixon’s resignation in the 1970s. One Battle After Another brings to the present their activist attitude to oppose our contemporary political challenges.

The film’s chilling depiction of state violence against its own citizens connected with the events in Minneapolis and showed how relevant cinema can be when aimed at those in power. But the film had to speak for itself: its director, writer and producer, Paul Thomas Anderson, carefully avoided any direct mention of Trump, Ice or Minneapolis in his three acceptance speeches (for best adapted screenplay, director and film). And Sean Penn, whose political activism as a friend of Hugo Chávez or in favour of Ukraine has often made Hollywood uncomfortable, chose not to attend the ceremony.

Why nominees stayed silent

The reasons for the lack of politics at the awards may be found in the current industrial climate in the US. In September 2025, the Federal Communications Commission took Jimmy Kimmel Live! off the air for a few days, and continues to threaten to do it again. The industry chatter also believes Trump to be responsible for CBS’ decision to not renew The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, another critical outlet.

The possible acquisition, meanwhile, of Warner Bros. by Paramount, presided over by Trump’s ally David Ellison, follows Amazon’s purchase of MGM and Disney buying Twentieth Century Fox. The industrial landscape is concentrating in a handful of technological tycoons. They may may not take kindly to political activism when funding future projects.

One Battle After Another takes the award for best film at the 2026 Oscars. Chris Torres/EPA

The only political voice that was pointedly raised in the Oscars this year belonged to Spanish actor Javier Bardem.

Bardem appeared on stage to present the best international picture award sporting a lapel that said: “No a la Guerra” – no to war. He had worn the same lapel over 20 years ago when the Spanish Film Academy Awards in 2003 became a loud and clear indictment to Spain’s involvement in the Iraq war.

Bardem left a clear message as he introduced the award: “No to war and Free Palestine.” While films such as this year’s extraordinary intake can and do speak for themselves, the gravity of the moment requires that those who make them join with their own voices.

Bardem’s dissonant appeal reveals where Hollywood’s politics currently lie. They are caught between making committed films and a fear of what the country’s politics will bring.

ref. What the 2026 Oscars revealed about the current political mood in Hollywood – https://theconversation.com/what-the-2026-oscars-revealed-about-the-current-political-mood-in-hollywood-278495

Saint Patrick’s Day and the mystery of the second Patrick

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Chris Doyle, Lecturer in Ancient and Medieval History, University of Galway

Celebrated every year with swathes of green and pints of Guinness, Saint Patrick is the most famous of Ireland’s trio of patron saints (the others are Brigid and Colm Cille, aka Columba).

Saint Patrick’s story is well known. Not just because of the annual global phenomenon his feast day has become, but also thanks to a considerable body of original written evidence. Chief among this are his personal writings – the Confession and Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus. But there are also many others – annals, biographies, hymns, poems – written centuries after his lifetime.

The standard story of Patrick goes like this. At some undetermined date in the 5th century AD, while the western Roman Empire collapsed politically, the teenage Patrick was kidnapped from his home in Britain, or possibly Gaul, by Irish raiders. He was then sold into slavery for six years where he tended sheep somewhere in Ireland until, with divine help, he escaped home to his family. Eventually, he felt compelled to return to Ireland and proselytise the Christian faith there. The rest is history, so some say.

But a lesser known story exists concerning not one, but two 5th century characters named (or assumed to be named) Patricius, or Patrick. According to one tradition, both men knew one another closely and were each involved in promulgating Christianity in Ireland.

The two Patricks

One of the earliest references to two Patricks is Saint Fiacc’s Hymn on the Life of Patrick. It was written in the 5th or 6th century but survives in an 8th-century manuscript. Fiacc, a professional royal poet turned bishop, wrote: “When Patrick departed [died], he went to visit the other Patrick and together they ascended to Jesus Son of Mary.”

St Patrick by William Orpen (1905). The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery

The Martyrology of Tallaght, an 8th or 9th century calendar of saints’ feast days, gives August 24 as the commemorative date for “Old Patrick … beloved foster father/mentor”. The Annals of Ulster, meanwhile, records the “repose of the elder Patrick, as some books state” in 457.

There are also Irish and continental references to an official papal mission to Ireland in AD431, led by a man named Palladius. But, to further complicate matters, another annular entry, albeit retrospectively added, says that Patrick came to Ireland in AD432, the year after Palladius.

Researchers have tentatively investigated whether this Palladius was either surnamed Patricius, or had had his life and work conflated with the later Patricius.

An even later entry in the 9th century Book of Armagh states that Palladius was “Patrick by another name”.

This small sample of evidence for another Patrick is by no means conclusive. But it makes a good case for two original Patricks operating in Ireland about the same time – a father figure mentoring his younger charge perhaps.

Such relationships were common in early Ireland. Long before Christianity’s arrival on Irish shores, fosterage had been an integral and widespread social institution. The early Irish church adapted the custom to its own organisation, thereby allowing senior clerics, men and women, to assume parental roles for their novices.

Even the Latin name Patricius, with its paternal connotations, suggests this. However, there are other meanings for such a name, including a predecessor. In the Roman world, though, Patricius could be a personal name or an honorific title indicating senior political or military rank. Any of these definitions of the name go some way to understanding the interchangeability of Patricius and Palladius in the early written record.

Why do we only celebrate one Patrick?

So, if there is evidence for two distinct Patricks, each with their own cult following and feast day, how did they merge into one singular tradition? The transition really begins in late 7th century Armagh, a powerful Christian establishment in the north of Ireland.

Armagh’s ecclesiastic authorities sought control over all the Irish churches. Arguing for the legitimacy of its claim, Armagh propagandists, like Muirchú, enhanced its Patrician connections by incorporating all Patrician traditions into one cohesive story. Essentially, enter the official Patrick, with a March 17 feast day, ready to banish snakes.

Detail from St Patrick in the Forest by Frank Brangwyn (circa 1920). Christ’s Hospital/Alamy

Historically, scholarly opinion over the two Patricks’ story has been mixed. In 1942, Thomas F. O’Rahilly revived a much earlier theory arguing coherently for the existence of two Patricks. His thesis, while attracting supporters, ignited a controversy that descended into rancour and farce, culminating in a libel case taken against a popular journalist who poked fun at the debate. To some extent, the argument over an original dual Patrician tradition has still not gone away.

Today, however, there is a general openness among modern scholars to at least the possibility of two Patricks. Though, sadly, it probably won’t give the world an extra Saint Patrick’s Day every year.

ref. Saint Patrick’s Day and the mystery of the second Patrick – https://theconversation.com/saint-patricks-day-and-the-mystery-of-the-second-patrick-277404

Flesh-eating bacteria spread from possums and mozzies. But Buruli ulcers are preventable and treatable

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Cameron Webb, Clinical Associate Professor, School of Medical Science & Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute; Principal Hospital Scientist, University of Sydney

A number of cases of the flesh-eating Buruli ulcer have now been detected on the New South Wales south coast.

There is growing evidence mosquitoes are at least partly responsible for the spread of this “flesh-eating” bacteria, with possums also implicated. Health authorities have urged locals to avoid mosquito bites.

Cases of Buruli ulcer are usually concentrated to parts of Victoria. So why is it being found in NSW? And how does a mozzie bite turn into a flesh-eating ulcer?

Here’s what we know about this bacteria, how it spreads, and how you can prevent and treat these ulcers.

It starts as a painless mozzie bite

The bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans is responsible for a skin infection known as Buruli ulcer.

It can take a long time after infection before the symptoms show. Over many months, what may first look like a small, painless mosquito bite develops into a disfiguring ulcer that, if left untreated, can continue increasing in size.

The small bite becomes larger, before turning into an ulcer. Tabah EN, Nsagha DS, Bissek AZ, Njamnshi AK, Braschi MW, Pluschke G, Boock AU (2016). Buruli ulcer in Cameroon: the development and impact of the National Control Programme. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, CC BY

Treatment is readily available. This usually involves a six to eight week course of specific antibiotics, sometimes supported with surgery to remove the infected tissue. However, delays can make it more difficult to treat.

Where does it come from?

Buruli ulcer has been reported in more than 30 countries including in Africa, South America and the Western Pacific.

In Australia, Buruli ulcer has been reported in several states, including Queensland, NSW and Northern Territory but most activity has been in Victoria.

In Australia, possums can play a role in the spread of Mycobacterium ulcerans. They act as “reservoirs” of the pathogen, from which it can spread to people.

Possums themselves can also suffer symptoms of infection, with ulcers similar to those in humans.

Possums play an important role in the spread of pathogen that causes Buruli ulcer. A/Prof Cameron Webb

How it gets from possums to people

There are likely a number of different ways to get infected. But research shows mosquitoes may be a key culprit.

For many years, there has been evidence of Mycobacterium ulcerans in mosquitoes collected from trapping programs. This includes the types of mosquitoes that commonly bite people.

Most recently, the studies took the analysis further with genomic testing linking Mycobacterium ulcerans to possums, people and mosquitoes.

The mosquito of greatest concern is widespread in Australia and closely associated with suburban areas. Commonly known as the Australian backyard mosquito, Aedes notoscriptus is a nuisance-biting pest and has been implicated in the spread of pathogens such as Ross River virus.

Buruli ulcer cases have been reported in areas were both mosquitoes and possums carry Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Are cases on the rise?

Since the ulcers were first described in the Bairnsdale region of Victoria in the 1940s, there has been a rise in both the number of cases and where they’re found.

In 2006, the first case was reported in NSW. A small cluster of cases was then reported on the NSW South Coast in 2023.

Does this mean the bacteria is spreading north from Victoria? Perhaps not.

A detailed genomic analysis of the NSW cases demonstrated they were genetically distinct from those prevalent in Victoria. Rather than a gradual march north from Victoria, this suggests there has been activity in the region for many years.

If NSW follows Victoria’s pattern, we may see reports of cases start out slowly in specific regions, such as Batemans Bay, before increasing and then spreading to new areas.

Aedes notoscriptus is the mosquito thought to be contributing to cases of Buruli ulcer. A/Pro Cameron Webb (NSW Health Pathology)

Can authorities predict where cases will spread to next?

NSW Health manages an extensive network of mosquito monitoring locations across the state. This network allows authorities to track mosquito populations and track any activity of mosquito-borne pathogens.

But while this program is good at providing an early warning of viral pathogens such as the Ross River, Japanese encephalitis, or Murray Valley encephalitis viruses, testing mosquitoes hasn’t been shown to be as reliable in detecting Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Recent studies found there could be a delay of up to six years between the arrival of the pathogen and infection of people in new areas.

Rather than looking at testing mosquitoes, this study suggests surveys of possum poo may be a more effective way to survey for new activity of Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Discarded containers that trap rainwater are the perfect place for mosquitoes to breed. A/Prof Cameron Webb (NSW Health Pathology)

How can I protect myself and family?

Outbreaks of “flesh eating” bacteria sound dramatic, especially as there’s no vaccine. But don’t panic: the steps you take to prevent infection are the same you follow to stop nuisance-biting mosquitoes and other mosquito-borne diseases.

When outdoors, use insect repellent on exposed skin to stop mosquito bites and cover up with long-sleeved shirt, long pants and covered shoes.

It’s also important to stop mosquitoes buzzing about your backyard. Mosquitoes, especially Aedes notoscriptus, lay eggs wherever water collects after rainfall. This could be bird baths, drains, sump pits, potted plant saucers and a wide range of containers.

Clean out your gutters and drains so water flows easily out of them and throw away any containers collecting water. Make sure your rainwater tank is screened too.


Read more: It’s warming up and mozzies are coming. Here’s how to mosquito-proof your backyard


ref. Flesh-eating bacteria spread from possums and mozzies. But Buruli ulcers are preventable and treatable – https://theconversation.com/flesh-eating-bacteria-spread-from-possums-and-mozzies-but-buruli-ulcers-are-preventable-and-treatable-278094

Almost 80% of Australian uni students now use AI. This is creating an ‘illusion of competence’

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Jason M. Lodge, Director of the Learning, Instruction & Technology Lab and Professor of Educational Psychology, School of Education, The University of Queensland

In Australia, artificial intelligence is becoming a near-universal feature of education.

As of 2025, nearly 80% of university students reported using AI in their studies. Overseas, reports are even higher. This year, a UK survey of undergraduates found 94% were using it to help with assessed work.

This has ushered in widespread concerns about students using AI to cheat on their work and exams. But in a new report with colleague Leslie Loble, we argue there is a far greater risk.

There is a growing body of evidence that suggests using AI can undermine the effort required for sustainable, deep learning. This so-called “cognitive offloading” from human to AI is especially risky for younger students as they are still building their basic knowledge and skills.

The ‘performance paradox’

Our report highlights a phenomenon known as the “performance paradox”. This is where students’ short-term performance on tasks may improve with AI. But their long-term learning is being harmed.

An example of this is seen in a 2025 randomised experiment with high school students in Turkey using an AI assistant (that could tutor them through answers). In classroom tasks, they appeared to solve maths problems more effectively using AI. However, their actual learning fell off a cliff as soon as the AI was removed in an assessment.

These findings suggest while AI can boost immediate results, it can simultaneously diminish the durable knowledge that is the true goal of education. In the meantime, students can overestimate how much they have learned. AI gives them the illusion of competence.

AI is so easy to use

Generative AI can certainly provide clear, polished responses to students. Research tells us this can signal to the learner that deep mental engagement is no longer necessary.

This same research also shows students are then less likely to plan, monitor and revise their work. This is because the tool is doing this for them.

This situation creates a cycle where the ease of AI-generated responses erodes a student’s actual knowledge base, making them more dependent on the tool and less able to judge its accuracy in the future.

Critical thinking is not a generic skill – it is deeply intertwined with knowledge.

In other words, it is difficult to critically analyse a response about the second world war (is it biased? Have they got the dates wrong?) if you don’t know anything much about the different participants and their perspectives.

How can we respond?

To address this, universities and teachers must move from treating AI as an “answer oracle” to using it as a partner in thinking and learning. There are two key ways to do this.

  • Use AI to offload extraneous tasks – such as checking grammar or formatting citations. This frees up mental space to concentrate on learning. But is not relying on the AI to tell students what or how to think.

  • Use as AI as a “cognitive mirror”. Instead of giving answers, the AI asks clarifying questions. This forces the student to engage in explanation, which helps them build lasting learning. For example, if a student provides a vague argument in an essay, the AI might ask them to define their core assumptions more specifically.

Most importantly, the development of AI tools must focus on helping and building the teacher’s capacity, not just the students’ immediate performance. As powerful as AI might be, humans learn better with and from other humans.

By giving AI tools to expert teachers to help them increase their capacity, we ensure technology bolsters student learning. For example, AI could be used to analyse student performance data in real-time to highlight which small groups or individuals need a human intervention most urgently.

What is this all for?

Education systems need to help students understand and be comfortable with the fact that long-term learning can take time and needs effort. If AI is used to replace the struggle of learning, there is a risk of the erosion of cognitive skills.

The goal here is not to protect students from AI but to prepare them to live and work with it.

ref. Almost 80% of Australian uni students now use AI. This is creating an ‘illusion of competence’ – https://theconversation.com/almost-80-of-australian-uni-students-now-use-ai-this-is-creating-an-illusion-of-competence-278413

Are specialist police needed to patrol the CRL underground?

Source: Radio New Zealand

Karangahape Road will be one of three new underground stations on the City Rail Link. Supplied: CRL

A specialist police force will be needed to patrol deep below Auckland’s streets on the new City Rail Link, says a city councillor.

Transport officers and Māori wardens currently patrol public transport, but do not have the power to arrest anyone – which is why some have called for a dedicated police force.

But the police said there were no plans for such a move.

Manukau ward councillor and former police officer Alf Filipaina said with Auckland’s billion dollar transport project opening later this year, safety needed to be a priority.

“What happens when the police have been called to a serious incident somewhere else, and there’s a serious incident in the tunnels? That’s what I want to make sure – that the conversation be had.”

The City Rail Link will have three new underground stations: in the Auckland CBD, Karangahape road and Mount Eden.

Transport officers, like private security guards, had no special powers to arrest suspected criminals.

They have a role to play in policing the new train stations, but they could only do so much, Filipaina said.

“If you haven’t got the ability to arrest and you’re in the tunnel, you just need to wait for the police. Sometimes you don’t have that time or opportunity to do that.”

Auckland Transport incident and experience manager Mike McCann said transport officers provided a visible presence on public transport and checked for people trying to get a free ride, but could only respond to anti-social behaviour by observing and reporting it to the police.

National coordinator of the public transport users association Jon Reeves said his group had been calling for a dedicated transport police force in Auckland for years, and with the City Rail Link close to opening it was more important than ever.

“We’re going to have a mass increase over the next two years of users onto public transport, and that includes users who don’t actually want to get on there and be good New Zealand citizens.

“There’s some that want to do some things which are a little untoward and could be very bad and so that’s why we do need to have some action now.”

Tramways and Public Transport Employees union president Gary Froggatt agreed.

“It would provide more protection, more security, safety. They’d also have the ability to monitor fares, etc. Currently there’s thousands and thousands of dollars lost in the system through people not paying their fares.”

But Police Association president Steve Watt did not support the idea.

“At the end of the day, the police have a limited number of staff which they can deploy to deal with situations, and if police permanently based someone on the Auckland Transport network that means something else has got to give.

The City Rail Link stations may pose extra risk, but police would be able to manage that under the current beat policing approach, he said.

“By its very nature in being underground, obviously there will be some difficulties in potentially reaching certain areas, but I’m sure that between Auckland Transport and police they’ll be able to work those out.”

Auckland City crime prevention manager Inspector Grant Tetzlaff said police would continue to focus on being highly visible in high profile and busy public spaces including the City Rail Link.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Seabirds struggled to raise chicks in the Hauraki Gulf this summer. What happened?

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Brendon Dunphy, Associate Professor in Marine Biology, University of Auckland, Waipapa Taumata Rau

Some seabirds breeding in New Zealand’s largest marine park struggled to raise chicks this summer, most likely because climate change is forcing them to travel too far in search of food.

The Hauraki Gulf Tīkapa Moana is a global hotspot for seabirds. About 70 species breed and forage there, and five breed nowhere else in the world.

Our team has been monitoring nests of diving petrels and fluttering shearwaters in the gulf since October last year. We observed a 50% failure rate in the 13 fluttering shearwater nests we monitored at Tāwharanui, north of Auckland, compared to the usual rate of 36%.

In 2019, fluttering shearwaters in the gulf were foraging and returning to the nest daily, but in December 2025, they were disappearing for as long as 12 days. The adult birds left their nests for so long, we wondered if the colony could be wiped out.

fluttering shearwater in flight
Adult fluttering shearwaters left their nests for up to 12 days in search of food. Edin Whitehead, CC BY-NC-ND

Four of the adult shearwaters abandoned their nesting boxes, typically a sign they can’t find enough food to survive and feed their chicks. GPS tracking showed birds were making foraging trips as far as North Cape, more than 200 kilometres away.

Usually, shearwater parents rotate shifts, with one sitting on the egg, while the other flies out to forage, then swapping every day or two. But if there’s not enough food, the parent sitting on the egg can get too hungry to stay and will go to sea to feed.

Without a parent incubating the eggs, the development of chicks slows down because it is cooler for longer periods. Fluttering shearwater chicks in the gulf usually hatch between late October and the end of November, but this season hatching didn’t begin until late November.

Fluttering shearwater chick
Fluttering shearwater chicks hatched unusually late this summer. Edin Whitehead, CC BY-NC-ND

Some shearwaters were sitting on eggs until mid-December, possibly because the eggs had been left to cool more often while the parents searched long distances for food.

This unusually late hatching is concerning because it is so different from what has been recorded previously for the species in the Hauraki Gulf. Our monitoring studies this summer show the outlook for these seabirds is bleaker than expected.

Late hatching, smaller chicks

We also observed diving petrel chicks hatching up to a month later than usual on Tiritiri Matangi Island.

We recorded lower than average weights among the 15 diving petrel chicks we monitored. They were a lot lighter than normal when they left their nests and therefore had less energy reserves. This may reduce their survival rate.

diving petrel chick, cupped in person's hand
Diving petrel chicks left their nests with lower energy reserves. Edin Whitehead, CC BY-NC-ND

Seabirds are sensitive to changes in the ocean and offer an early warning of shifts that will affect other species in the Hauraki Gulf.

The global ocean is taking up more than 90% of the excess energy generated by rising carbon emissions, equal to 25 billion Hiroshima bombs since the 1960s. Marine heatwaves are already occurring more frequently, including in the Hauraki Gulf.

Warmer seawater affects zooplankton (tiny, drifting animals) in a number of ways. It drives them further south as they seek cooler waters and they become smaller and less nutritious.

This change in zooplankton disrupts the whole food web, including fish and seabirds. The impacts on seabirds are easy to observe, but everything in the gulf reliant on zooplankton will be affected.

We’re hoping some species will be able to cope with the higher ocean temperatures, but the warming already has a dramatic impact on the species we’ve monitored.

More and longer heatwaves in the gulf

If current emissions of carbon dioxide continue unabated, the World Meteorological Organisation projects global average temperatures will exceed 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in the next five years.

Since 1982, the global ocean surface has been warming by up to 0.26°C per decade on average.

New Zealand has some of the fastest warming waters on the planet and the number of marine heatwaves has been rising in the Hauraki Gulf since 2012. In 2022, the gulf experienced its longest marine heatwave thus far and the warming trend continues.

A graph showing peak summer seawater temperature shifts (SST anomaly) through time for the Hauraki Gulf (1967-2025).
While seawater temperatures in the Hauraki Gulf have alternated between warmer and cooler years between 1967 and 2025, they have been consistently warmer during the past 12 years. This graph shows the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly – how far each year deviated from the average baseline (red dots show warnner than average seawater, blue dots show cooler seawater). Data provided by Nick Shears, Leigh Marine Laboratory, CC BY-NC-ND

Apart from ocean warming and changes to zooplankton, seabirds are also affected by fisheries, particularly commercial fishing with purse seine nets that strip life from the sea.

While recently introduced legislation almost triples the protected area in the Hauraki Gulf and the Coromandel peninsula, some forms of commercial fishing will continue in some of the newly protected areas.

Large shoals of big fish such as trevally and kahawai used to push up small fish and zooplankton to the surface frequently in the gulf. Seabirds could feast on these “boil-ups” but they have dwindled in size and frequency, making it harder for seabirds to feed themselves and growing chicks.

Coastal marine reserves work wonders, but many of the large fish that push prey to the surface are migratory. In order to protect migratory fish, marine protection would need to be mobile and seasonal. GPS tracking could indicate where seabirds are feeding and where temporary protection is needed.

Some change in the gulf is likely inevitable. But it is important to make these waters as naturally resilient as possible by minimising other human impacts, including sedimentation, pollution and overfishing.


We would like to acknowledge the contribution by Isabella Brown, who monitored diving petrels during the breeding season as part of her MSc research, and the Explore Group for supporting her access to Tiritiri Matangi.


ref. Seabirds struggled to raise chicks in the Hauraki Gulf this summer. What happened? – https://theconversation.com/seabirds-struggled-to-raise-chicks-in-the-hauraki-gulf-this-summer-what-happened-278086

Australia claims it is ‘on track’ to save nature. We disagree

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Paul Allan Elton, Doctoral researcher, Australian National University

Without fanfare, the Australian government has published the latest snapshot on its progress toward halting and reversing the loss of Australia’s biodiversity – our unique wildlife, plants and nature – by 2030. This report on Australia’s progress under the Global Biodiversity Framework is a self-assessment, and the Australian government has given itself a glowing report card.

We examined the claims in this report, called the Seventh Report to the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity. And we found the government has been unjustifiably optimistic, rewarding itself for “intentions” and promises so it can claim we are on track.

This is wrong. Ecosystems are being left to degrade, rare and precious species are sliding toward extinction, and billions of dollars are being used to quietly fund subsidies, including for fossil fuels, which contribute to the very destruction the government claims to be fixing.

Our last national report into Australia’s State of the Environment found the condition of the environment was poor and deteriorating. It is more pressing than ever the government drops the spin and gets on with the hard work of addressing the existential threat of biodiversity loss.

Here are four key targets in the report that expose the real story:

1. Restoration: not enough done, and the report knows it

Target 2 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, which calls for the restoration of degraded ecosystems, is one of only two targets the report rates below “on track”. The target requires at least 30% of degraded ecosystems to be under effective restoration by 2030. The report does not even quantify how much Australia is falling behind this target. This is a significant omission: data and modelling tools exist to estimate the extent of degraded ecosystems across Australia, and independent research has done exactly that.

The government also says it is spending hundreds of millions on restoration. But independent research puts the annual cost of restoring Australia’s terrestrial, freshwater and coastal ecosystems in the billions.

A view through tree foliage of distant mountains under a grey sky.

There are many different ecosystems in Australia, including these mountains In Tasmania. Matt Palmer/Unsplash, CC BY

2. Protected areas: national figures mask failures

The report claims Australia is “on track” to meet Target 3, or the 30 by 30 target, which aims to protect 30% of Australia’s land by the end of the decade. It states 25% of land and 52% of ocean are under some form of protection. But these figures are seriously misleading.

The framework does not just require 30% protection measured nationally. The protected area system is also supposed to be ecologically representative and “well-connected”, not simply a national land area target.

Australia’s marine protected areas illustrate this issue perfectly. While 52% of Australia’s ocean is formally protected, only 24% is zoned for high protection. Many marine ecosystems remain inadequately represented, for example temperate rocky reefs and kelp forests along the Great Southern Reef.

In 2018, the Commonwealth systematically downgraded marine park protections, reducing the extent of highly protected “no-take” fishing zones and reopening areas to commercial fishing. The more recent shift to a 30% highly protected marine target is welcome, but it reframes the goal without ensuring a variety of marine environments are included.

3. Threatened species: declining, not recovering

Australia is on track to prevent new extinctions under Target 4, the report claims. This is largely anchored in the fact no species are known to have become extinct since the 2022 “no new extinctions” commitment. This is a weak basis for the rating.

Australia already holds the world’s worst record for modern mammal extinctions – 38 species lost since colonisation, more than any other country. Against that grim inheritance, having no further extinctions (that we know about) is a remarkably low bar.

4. Harmful fossil fuel subsidies hidden, conservation spending inflated

Target 18 requires nations to identify subsidies harmful to biodiversity by 2025. The Australian government’s response? It explicitly excludes fossil fuel subsidies from its assessment, and identifies roughly $1.1 billion across agricultural and fisheries categories.

For the first time, research published this year, identified 36 federal subsidies worth $26.3 billion annually that are potentially harmful to biodiversity. Fossil fuel subsidies alone account for $14.1 billion. It is extraordinary the Australian Government believes it can exclude fossil fuel subsidies on the basis of a technicality. Meanwhile, independent estimates place federal biodiversity conservation spending at below $1 billion annually.

The arithmetic is stark: the government spent more than $26 billion a year on harming nature, less than $1 billion conserving it. No government serious about halting biodiversity loss would preside over such an imbalance and say they were “on track”.

A group of protesters in kayaks paddle along a blue ocean towards a coal tanker.
Protesters paddle out in a coal export protest in Newcastle in 2024. Recent research found state and federal subsidies for coal, gas and oil products increased 10% in the past year. Michael Gorton

Australians deserve an honest account

Serious weaknesses have previously been identified in Australia’s 2022 Strategy for Nature. It is full of vague intentions without clearly defined targets, accountability, timelines and measures of progress. A promised implementation plan is also still missing, more than three years later.

This new report confirms those weaknesses extend to Australia’s self-assessment, which lacks the rigour and ambition the nature crisis demands.

The reforms of Australia’s nature laws, passed in late 2025, are the most significant in a generation, and we welcome them. But legislation without implementation, adequate funding or a delivery plan is not enough.

This important report – with its hidden subsidies, inflated spending figures, missing implementation plan, and a definition of “on track” that mistakes promises for progress – is not worthy of a nation with both the means and the obligation to lead.

ref. Australia claims it is ‘on track’ to save nature. We disagree – https://theconversation.com/australia-claims-it-is-on-track-to-save-nature-we-disagree-278081

Real estate powered Dubai’s rise as a magnet for expats. Can its brand survive this war?

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Hassan F. Gholipour, Associate Professor of Property, Western Sydney University

Once a small fishing and pearling village, Dubai has grown to become a major financial, commercial and tourism hub in the Middle East.

It is the second-largest (behind Abu Dhabi) of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates (UAE). For decades, its economic success has rested on a promise: that the city would remain stable even when the region is not.

By marketing itself as a “safe haven” for the global elite, with tax-free luxury and strong security, the emirate separated its image from the volatility of its neighbours. Now, as major conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran rolls on, Dubai’s brand is under threat.

Real estate development is a cornerstone of the city’s ascent – and a powerful symbol of the willingness of foreign investors to finance it. If this confidence is shaken for too long, Dubai faces a reckoning.

Reliance on real estate

Property has become a key pillar of Dubai’s economy. Combined, the emirate’s real estate and construction sectors contribute about 15% of its gross domestic product (GDP).

Dubai has quickly become a top destination for foreign real estate investors. Its high rental returns, tax-friendly rules and open property market make it especially attractive. There are also pathways to become a resident of the UAE by investing in property.

A yacht on the sea in front of Dubai skyscrapers

Real estate has become a major component of Dubai’s economy. MohammedSaleh AbdulNazar/Unsplash

Foreign investment in UAE real estate, especially in Dubai, made up about a quarter of the country’s foreign investment in 2022.

According to the EU Tax Observatory, India, the United Kingdom, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran are among the top countries investing in Dubai’s residential real estate, commercial real estate, land and off-the-plan properties.

The same figures show Australians owned 1,497 Dubai residential properties in 2022, with a combined value of US$785.2 million (A$1.1 billion).

Shattered beliefs

For the first time, missiles and drones have hit landmarks that define the “Dubai brand”, such as the Burj Al Arab, Fairmont The Palm and Dubai International Airport.

A key question for Dubai is whether the city’s real estate sector can withstand the loss of its safe-haven status.

Already, we’re seeing a sudden shift to what financial market traders call a “risk-off” mood – where investors move to safer assets. Figures from the Dubai Land Department show in the first full week of the conflict, the number of property market transactions fell by half.

This volatility was also seen in the stock markets. The Dubai Financial Market Real Estate Index fell more than 17% in the early days of the conflict.

A black and white photo of the Al Ras historic district of the Deira region of Dubai

The Al Ras historic district of the Deira region of Dubai, in the 1960s. Noor Ali, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Why Dubai is so exposed

Dubai’s economy relies heavily on the confidence of foreigners. Around 90% of its residents are non-Emirati, reflecting the city’s long-standing openness to expats who live and do business there.

Foreign nationals own roughly 43% of the total value of all residential property in the city.

Dubai’s property sector has weathered shocks before. After steep falls in the global financial crisis of 2008, the market reportedly took 6–7 years to recover. It bounced back much more rapidly after the COVID pandemic, recovering within 12 to 18 months.

However, those past events were economic or health shocks. The current crisis is a security shock. As analysts note, Dubai’s economy depends on expats providing capital and labour. If people no longer feel safe, many could leave the city.

This would put the entire model at risk, because foreign confidence is what keeps businesses and investment in place.

An expat exodus and property oversupply

In recent years, Dubai has been a magnet for relocating millionaires. Reports now indicate a scramble to leave – including a spike in demand for private jets in the immediate aftermath of strikes.

Following attacks on Iran’s banking system and subsequent threats by Tehran, Citigroup and Standard Chartered have reportedly started evacuating their offices in Dubai. Some major global consulting firms have taken similar actions.

Even before the security situation deteriorated, some analysts were warning of an “overheating” property market. The conflict has erupted just as a huge wave of new residences is due to begin hitting the market.

If foreign interest remains suppressed, the emirate could face a massive inventory of luxury villas and “off-plan” apartments with no buyers.

Man seen jogging in front of the Burj Al Arab luxury hotel in Dubai

The Burj Al Arab luxury hotel in Dubai. Altaf Qadri/AP

What’s next?

If this war continues, and so does mistrust between Iran and the UAE, the very openness that built “brand Dubai” could become its greatest weakness. International capital moves quickly, and missile and drone attacks may already be driving investors to safer markets.

This war has shown stability in the Persian Gulf cannot rely on deterrence or foreign troops alone. The region must rebuild trust, reject further militarisation, and gradually remove foreign bases that make neighbours vulnerable.

Once the conflict is over, a practical step would be for the Gulf states to cooperate with Iran and help rebuild infrastructure damaged by attacks from bases on their soil. Only through such regional accommodation can the Persian Gulf restore the security its economy depends on.

ref. Real estate powered Dubai’s rise as a magnet for expats. Can its brand survive this war? – https://theconversation.com/real-estate-powered-dubais-rise-as-a-magnet-for-expats-can-its-brand-survive-this-war-278090

Abdulhassan Nabizadah: Police reappeal for information one year after homicide

Source: Radio New Zealand

Abdulhassan Nabizadah. RNZ / Samuel Rillstone

Police are again appealing for anyone who knows anything about the death of Abdulhassan Nabizadah to come forward.

It’s been a year since the 63-year-old was assaulted, robbed and left critically injured on Camperdown Road in the Wellington suburb of Miramar.

The offenders, who stole nothing more than his car keys, then left him bleeding and unconscious on the footpath.

Despite best efforts, Nabizadah’s head injuries were unsurvivable and he died in hospital the next day.

Police previously told RNZ they think Nabizadah was “set up” to be robbed, but it took a violent turn.

Blood on the pavement on Camperdown Road. RNZ / REECE BAKER

“We know the people responsible will have talked about the death with friends and family,” Detective Senior Sergeant Tim Leitch said on Tuesday.

Police are encouraging those people to come forward.

Earlier, Leitch said the Nabizadah family didn’t have closure and needed to move on.

“Nabizadah was a husband, father, and grandfather, who brought his family to New Zealand from Afghanistan seeking a better life. Instead, his life was taken in a violent and senseless way.”

Anyone with any information is asked to call 105, referencing numbers 250317/6324 or Operation Celtic. Information can also be provided anonymously via Crime Stoppers on 0800 555 111.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Support cut as boarder income changes take effect

Source: Radio New Zealand

RNZ

Families with disabled children are facing reductions in support under new rules that include income from boarders in assessments for accommodation supplements or income-related rent in public housing.

Before 2 March, only income from three or more boarders was included.

Minister for Social Development Louise Upston said, when the change was announced in the 2024 Budget, it was simplifying inconsistent treatment of board and rent payments.

It was expected that of the 8200 households who received the accommodation supplement and have boarders, about 7000 would have a reduction in support, of an average $100 a week.

About 6200 social housing households receiving board payments were expected to be affected, with an average rent increase of $132 a week.

Some families said that boarding situations were commonly used when adult children were living at home – sometimes because they could not move out.

“I’ve got a daughter with special needs who will never move out because she’s not capable of doing anything for herself,” one mother, Cheryl said.

“She’s fully dependent so now with the new laws because she’s 18, she gets her own benefit, her board money is now considered an income for me.

“Thankfully we live in the middle of nowhere so our mortgage is cheaper than what people are paying in rent. But people that are paying more would be affected drastically … my girl is non verbal … she’s under 50kg.

“Although she pays rent it mostly goes on food to try and fatten her up and get her over 50kg. It’s not really spent on a roof over her head.”

The potential for disabled people and young people to be more affected was highlighted in a supplementary analysis report by MSD.

University of Auckland associate professor Susan St John said the change had happened with “remarkably little scrutiny”.

She said people who were hosting homestay students would also be affected.

“It’s one of those changes that have been rushed through and was designed to save a paltry amount of money, $160 million over four years.

“We don’t know even whether it’s going to save that because of the behavioural change. People will just find it is not worthwhile to take on boarders … it’s a very complicated, punitive, discouraging kind of policy.”

Green Party spokesperson Ricardo Mendendez March said the policy made it harder for people who were already struggling.

“This is why this policy was never about fairness, but about finding ways to save money, which is explicitly named in the government budget as basically a cost-saving measure.

“Our concern is that at a time of high unemployment, at a time of a cost of living crisis and the fuel crisis bout to make life harder for everyday people, that we’re about to see people whose ability to make ends meet will be made a lot harder due to their inability to claim the full amount for the accommodation supplement as they would have been able to do so previously.”

Upston said in a press release at the time the change was announced that it supported the Government’s aim of making public services fiscally sustainable and effective.

“We believe that those who have a genuine need should be able to get the help they require while ensuring consistency across MSD payments,” Upston said.

Sign up for Money with Susan Edmunds, a weekly newsletter covering all the things that affect how we make, spend and invest money

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

A camera to tell if drivers are drunk

Source: Radio New Zealand

New facial recognition technology is being worked on that could detect if someone is driving drunk with just a three second video (file image). 123RF

New facial recognition technology is being worked on that could detect if someone is driving drunk with just a three second video.

Researchers in Australia have been working on the project using artificial intelligence for about two years.

The aim is for it be able to detect whether a person is driving drunk or likely to be a dangerous driver because they are angry or fatigued.

Dr Zulqarnain Gilani from Perth’s Edith Cowan University told First Up the algorithm that’s being developed uses a three to 10 second video of a person to see if they are drunk or fatigued, using their expression.

The technology can also determine a person’s blood alcohol level, Dr Gilani said.

“The algorithm currently can detect five expressions, whether a person is happy, sad, angry or showing disgust, whether they are tired or not tired, or fatigues or not fatigued, and their blood alcohol level as well.”

Through testing, Gilani said videos of people driving a simulator in three different intoxication states with differing blood alcohol levels has been used.

The current technology has a 93 percent accuracy level, he said.

Gilani said it was important that AI used be tested thoroughly on all ethnicities and different conditions.

The current algorithm has been tested on a small cohort of 65 – which was a proof of concept test, he said.

The next steps were to collect more and diverse data if they were to implement this in real life.

Asked how the technology could determine mood, Gilani said it all stemmed around psychology.

“Psychology literature tells us that humans display different, either expressions or psychological states, and their faces show that.

“For example, they say that if somebody is drunk, they blink really fast. And the time for which they close their eyes slows down, so they close it for more time.”

They also suffer hot flushes, he said.

“Whereas if someone is tired, their eyes are droopy. Now the interesting thing is that if somebody is very fatigued and someone is intoxicated, they show almost the same sort of behaviour.”

There were two practical scenarios that the researchers saw for implementing this in real life.

Gilani said the first was to have roadside cameras with the technology which could pick up someone who was driving in an impaired condition and somehow, flag it.

“This is a work in progress. How do we do that and how do we flag it and how do we warn the driver?”

The other was to have the technology inside a person’s car. Gilani said many cars these days have an electric ignition. If a camera facing the driver had the technology and detected a person was impaired, the car wouldn’t start.

Gilani said the project required funds.

“We are actively working with different collaborators, partners and also applying for different fundings so that we can collect more data and make this thing practical.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Government announces extra $25 million funding to boost hospital capacity and staff

Source: Radio New Zealand

Health Minister Simeon Brown. RNZ / Marika Khabazi

The government has announced that hospitals will get hundreds more staff and extra beds as the health system prepares for winter pressure.

Health Minister Simeon Brown said Health New Zealand would invest an extra $25 million to boost hospital capacity and staffing across the country ahead of the colder months.

The funding would provide up to 378 additional full-time staff across nursing, medical, allied health and support roles and 71 extra winter hospital beds.

The beds would be added at four hospitals – 25 at Waikato, 20 in Christchurch, 14 at Middlemore in Auckland and 12 in Wellington.

The government said $16.8 million, around two-thirds of the funding, would going to the most pressured areas including Capital Coast and Hutt Valley, MidCentral, Auckland’s Te Toka Tumai, Counties Manukau, Waikato and Christchurch.

It’s also funding up to 567 short-stay beds in aged residential care to help free up hospital space, and is expanding the “Hospital in the Home” services to allow patients to leave hospital sooner.

Brown said emergency department visits continued to rise as the population grows and ages, putting increasing pressure on hospitals during winter.

“Despite these challenges, Health New Zealand has seen emergency department performance improve since the reintroduction of the government’s health targets, with more patients now being seen sooner, reversing several years of declining performance,” he said.

“While hospitals undertake seasonal planning each year as part of normal operations, winter demand still places significant pressure on services and frontline staff. That’s why strengthening capacity early, ahead of the winter months, is critical to ensuring patients receive timely care.”

Brown said he had made it clear to the Health New Zealand Board that he expected a plan to prepare hospitals for winter to be in place early.

“This gives New Zealanders confidence that the system is getting ready to support them heading into winter,” he said.

“Hospitals will still face high levels of demand this winter. But by planning early, expanding capacity, and supporting our frontline teams, we are giving them the tools, resources, and flexibility they need to better manage pressure, reduce delays, and deliver care for New Zealanders.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Papers show ‘extreme risk’ around Health NZ decentralisation

Source: Radio New Zealand

Health NZ faces the “extreme risk” of not having enough of the workers it needs to push through the government’s order to decentralise rapidly. Unsplash / RNZ

Papers show that Health New Zealand faces the “extreme risk” of not having enough of the workers it needs to push through the government’s order to decentralise rapidly.

Health Minister Simeon Brown last November ordered the agency to “rapidly devolve decision-making to its four regions and 20 districts” to improve healthcare.

A new devolution committee has been set up and last month was presented a report assessing the “current state” across the board.

RNZ has seen papers from the report.

“People capability is an extreme risk,” it said.

“Workforce has the lowest capability rating identified across regions and their districts with critical resourcing gaps.”

The “most common” gaps were around staff to handle infrastructure, procurement, health and safety, planning, finance and analysis.

Brown had pushed for speed, but the assessment said there was “a feeling that basics need to be in place first”.

“The transition back to a devolved model too quickly may remove the current controls and undermine the effective oversights that have been put in place.”

That included around finances, it said.

Health NZ told RNZ on Monday it was working to address the workforce gaps and capability issues identified.

The papers showed gaps in devolution resources in areas where the centralised agency in the last two years cut jobs and accepted hundreds of voluntary redundancies.

“The highly centralised organisation structure has led to a loss of experience” in making organisational, operational and strategic decisions in districts, the assessment said.

Even at national senior leadership level there were big gaps – “all interim apart from one role”.

Health Minister Simeon Brown. RNZ / Mark Papalii

‘As quickly as possible’

The government two years ago castigated Health NZ for loose financial controls, sacked its board and under a reset the new commissioner Lester Levy embarked on a $2 billion savings plan.

The goverment then embarked on rolling back large parts of the centralisation reforms of 2022.

“We want a nationally and regionally planned system, but one that has strong clinical input and buy-in at the hospital level,” said Brown last November.

He gave HNZ a New Year’s Eve deadline to come up with a devolution policy in his letter of expectations.

“This reinforces my expectation that regional accountability, production planning, and local decision-making is embedded as quickly as possible,” his letter said.

“Local districts and regions should be empowered to manage within their allocated budgets, including hiring decisions.”

On Monday a spokesperson for Brown said the government had had to stabilise and turn around a system Labour had restructured during a pandemic “without a plan”.

It “cannot simply be switched off” and must still deliver more care to more patients, faster, and a key to that was moving health decisions closer to communities, they said in a statement.

The report – the second one done on devolution by consultants Deloitte – offered a glimpse of how devolution had been going.

The senior doctors’ union, the ASMS, in principle supported devolution but warned against districts having to take on more responsibility without the resources.

“The chatter that we’re picking up from around our regular set of meetings with the districts is a massive concern that this is just pushing responsibility onto districts without any realistic means of achieving what needs to be done in terms of providing health care,” said executive director Sarah Dalton.

ASMS executive director Sarah Dalton. LANCE LAWSON PHOTOGRAPHY / Supplied

‘Carefully managing the transition’

The assessment said some areas like in strategy and finance showed progress.

But it varied alot. What it called ‘People and Culture’ would be hugely impacted by devolution and was rated the worst, with ‘low’ assessments across all six measures; it was especially weak in the South Island and central North Island from Taranaki to Bay of Plenty.

“Regional and district finance and operational capacity remain concentrated at national level and many local teams are under-resourced in financial management,” it said.

The solution? “Build capability across the organisation.” The districts had lost key roles, now they needed them back.

A chart showed 12 categories – such as budgeting, analysis and auditing – and rated nine of them as less than fully effective. Three were only partially effective – the second-to-lowest rating – including HNZ’s savings programme and its internal audit programme.

Among the other gaps was technology. Key devolution changes were predicated on AI that was not yet in place, and so manual “workarounds” persisted.

Health NZ executive national director of strategy performance improvement Jess Smaling said the current state assessment report was to support “carefully managing the transition back to frontline decision making”.

It came only after HNZ had addressed the first priority of fixing the financial crisis and improved performance, she said in a statement.

“We are committed to ensuring our districts are ready, able and most of all supported, to have more autonomy over their clinical decisions and operational budgets.”

‘Not driven by … cost savings’

Health system commentator Ian Powell had long called for devolution but said that required the right capabilities.

“And we’ve lost that through short-sighted restructuring.”

He did not see signs in the assessment that the topdown command culture was being overhauled. “That’s the missing bit.

“Overwhelmingly on the management side of Te Whatau Ora, both regionally and nationally, there’s a high level of job insecurity, and that is a terrible environment to actually to have to work in, and it guarantees a destabilised organisation.”

Health system commentator Ian Powell had long called for devolution but said that required the right capabilities. Supplied

Health NZ Te Whatu Ora subsumed all 20 of the old district health boards – DHBs – almost four years ago. Its establishment cost tens of millions of dollars including large sums in consultant fees.

Brown in his letter of expectations to the board chair late last year said it was “clear to me that Health NZ is too centralised”.

“Too many decisions are made by people who are removed from the problems that frontline clinicians are trying to solve.

“While the final devolved structure may result in a smaller national office than in recent years,

this change is not driven by restructuring or cost savings.”

The driver instead was to embed local clinicians in budgeting and planning services, and set up straight lines of accountability everywhere, Brown said.

But the papers the committee looked at last month indicated that districts might struggle with budgeting.

“Staff churn and the absence of robust costing systems and processes has created knowledge gaps, making it difficult to form an accurate bottom-up budget based on cost of services delivered, paticulary in H&SS [Hospital and Specialist Services].”

It talked about reducing some of the risks by adopting a devolution “timeframe” that allowed regions and districts to get critical activities in place to take on more autonomy.

‘Trade-offs and risks’

It sounded other notes of caution, too.

“While there is a desire to accelerate the devolution process, HNZ recognises that there are trade-offs and risks involved,” said Deloitte’s assessment.

This could lead to “lack of control, poor decision-making, duplication of effort, inconsistent reporting and accountability gaps”.

The solution was good planning.

But this appeared a long way off.

“The desired end state has not yet been clearly defined, including the [transition] from a national to a regional structure,” it said.

The “scope, sequence and pace” of devolution all needed defining.

Dalton said while 2022’s centralisation had caused “chaos” by distancing clinicians from decisionmaking, devolution had to be resourced and the minister would be wise to taihoa.

“I mean, it really does smack of trying to come up with what looks like some quick wins in an election year, and that’s no way to run a health system.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Our Changing World: How to grow a kiwi

Source: Radio New Zealand

North Island brown kiwi are hatched and reared at the facility. National Kiwi Hatchery Aotearoa

Follow Our Changing World on Apple, Spotify, iHeartRadio or wherever you listen to your podcasts

A little bit of eggshell still clings to the slick feathers of the newly hatched brown kiwi chick.

Only a few hours old, it is already able to crouch on its small strong legs in the little heated chamber that will be home for its first two days of life at the National Kiwi Hatchery. Its round belly is full of the yolk that was part of the large egg – food to sustain it for the first few days while it learns to forage for bugs.

A safe start in life

Kiwi chicks are precocious, explains National Kiwi Hatchery manager Emma Bean. This means that, in contrast to human babies who need a lot of post-natal care, kiwi chicks tend to leave the nest, and warmth of their dad’s brood patch, within a week.

Emma says, “Whilst everything’s instinctive, they’ve essentially got chopsticks on their face that they need to just hone their skills, so they know what they’ve got to do… and they just need dad for a couple of days to keep them warm while their feathers dry off and fluff up and they learn to thermoregulate.”

In the hatchery this transition is facilitated by hutches with an angled heating plate, and food sources for the new chicks to search for.

Initially the chicks lose weight, as they use up that yolk. Once they have regained their hatch weight, they are microchipped and then graduate to crèche – either at a project site or at the onsite purpose-built facility at the hatchery.

At this stage, it’s a well-oiled machine.

Started in a shed at Rainbow Springs in 1995, the National Kiwi Hatchery celebrated its 30th anniversary last year, having moved to its new location and facilities in 2023. In total over 2600 North Island brown kiwi chicks have been hatched so far.

The hatchery is part of Operation Nest Egg, a conservation programme that takes kiwi eggs from the wild, then hatches and raises them during their vulnerable first few months of life, before returning them to where they came from.

The goal is to grow the chicks to a ‘stoat-proof’ weight of 1kg. Without this, or effective predator control, the survival rate of a kiwi chick in the wild is about 5 percent. Released at match-ready weight their chances increase to 65 percent.

Combining conservation and eco-tourism

A bus load of visitors pulls up and starts to unload in front of one of the small buildings that make up the hatchery, here for an hour-long tour. Inside they are greeted with information about the different kiwi species, the impact of predators, and facts about kiwi mating, eggs and embryo development.

A key attraction is the nocturnal house – where night and day have been switched and behind a pane of glass a pair of kiwi are up and about looking for food amongst the rotten logs and leaf litter that has been provided for them.

But it is the sight of the chicks that is often elicits the most emotion, says tour guide Rebeca Bothamley, “I’ve noticed when they see a chick or an egg they get really excited … I’ve had a few people cry when they’ve seen a couple chicks.”

The one-hour tour costs $75 per adult with a behind-the-scenes exclusive tour priced at $1250 for up to four people. If visitors want to sponsor a chick and name it, that’s $2787 – the estimate of how much it costs to hatch and rear a kiwi here.

Only a fraction of this is charged to the conservation projects, says Emma. As a Ngāi Tahu owned charitable trust, the idea is that conservation and eco-tourism go hand-in-hand, with the visitors’ contributions supporting the cost of the mahi.

‘The cherry on the top’

While the ultimate conservation goal is a future where Operation Nest Egg is no longer needed, that is not likely any time soon, says Emma. Plus, she sees the advocacy and education aspect of the hatchery as an important part of their work.

It is not the only captive kiwi rearing facility, with others spread across both the North and South Islands, some working with different kiwi species.

The National Kiwi Hatchery collaborates with about 15 different conservation projects around the North Island that monitor males to find nests and eggs, and control predators in their project areas to help kiwi survival after release.

Across their three decades they’ve learned a lot, says both Emma and long-time kiwi keeper Carole Dean. When Carole started in 1998 there was a lot of initial trial-and-error and learning on the job.

“We just had so much passion to learn and get better and obviously share that knowledge as we learnt it with other facilities.”

Today they know more about the development, physiology and embryology of kiwi, which enables them to make better decisions about things like when and how to assist a hatching chick. Plus, they have learned a lot about the husbandry, Carole says, in their onsite kiwi creche.

“What we do now compared to how we did it 15 or even 10 years ago, we’ve come in leaps and bounds with looking after our enclosures and keeping it really healthy up here to maintain healthy birds.”

When she started, there used to be a bit of sadness when a kiwi graduated back out to the forest because “they were such important little creatures to us” but these days, Carole celebrates when they are ready, “Get them out …they need to go home and be a real kiwi in a real forest.”

The ‘cherry on the top’ for her is the fact that chicks that have hatched with them are reproducing, and Carole has since been looking after second and third generations of hatchery chicks.

“That’s really cool … job done”.

Sign up to the Our Changing World monthly newsletter for episode backstories, science analysis and more.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Have you seen Jane? Concerns for missing Auckland woman

Source: Radio New Zealand

Supplied / NZ Police

Police are seeking help from the public after a woman went missing in Auckland.

In a statement, police said 65-year-old Jane was last seen in Saint Johns on Monday afternoon.

She had brown hair and was wearing a white patterned T-shirt and black leggings.

“Police, and her family, have concerned for her wellbeing.

“Anyone with information is asked to contact police as soon as possible.”

People can call 111, 105 or report any information online using reference number 260316/7192.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

A new Southland datacentre would be the country’s second-largest drain on power

Source: Radio New Zealand

Artist’s impression of how the data centre is to look. Datagrid

It’s being billed as the data centre that changes everything – but hopefully that doesn’t include the price of your power.

It will be the country’s second biggest user of electricity after the Tiwai Point aluminium smelter.

A $3 billion data centre in Southland that, as the marketing says, “changes everything”….

“…delivering the most significant upgrade to New Zealand’s digital infrastructure in a generation. We’re doubling national data capacity and opening up a high-growth gateway to Asia-Pacific’s booming cloud and AI economy.”

Multiple resource consents have been granted by three local authorities to get Datagrid’s huge AI data storage project in Makarewa off the ground, and to land a high-speed internet cable from Australia coming up at Oreti Beach near Invercargill.

But where will all the power come from? The likely answer is the Manapōuri hydro-electric power plant, which also powers Tiwai.

But if there’s a shortage, say in a drought, what will the data centre’s requirement for constant electricity do to the market – and our power bills?

That’s what niggles Newsroom’s South Island editor, David Williams, who speaks to The Detail today after six years of keeping tabs on the project.

Datagrid has told him it won’t be answering his questions until it issues a news release later on – possibly this week.

For its international clients, the fact that the centre will be using clean energy is a big selling point, but is there enough of that energy to go around?

“It’s not like a data centre can just power down,” says Williams.

“The advantage of Tiwai is that they can say, ‘ok, well, we’re not going to put on this particular potline. We will close down for a while, and that’s part of our contract, and we’ll get paid by the country if you like, to shut down because that’s good for New Zealand Inc.’

“Data centres need continuous power. If they power down… that’s why they have these backup generators… if they power down, it’s actually damaging to their units or their processing centre. It needs to be a constant supply.”

Fast Track approval has just been given for a large Contact Energy wind farm just 50 kilometres away from the centre’s site, so that could be a piece of the puzzle.

Williams says this is “not your usual Southland development, I would have thought”.

“The scale of this is quite something.”

Not only does it involve building six data halls, but it is also flanked by 12-metre-high noise control barriers over 9.5 hectares on a 48-ha property. There will be 84 emergency generators, each with a 10,000 litre diesel tank and a 15m high exhaust stack.

The construction phase will offer the most lucrative economic return to the region, with up to 550 workers expected to be on site, but once it’s finished, it will only require about 50 staff to keep it going.

The main transmission line practically runs over the top of the site, and Datagrid will build its own substation and upgrade the grid exit point.

Williams says the company has done well to consult with neighbours, iwi, and anyone else affected, all of whom seem to be on board with the mitigations it’s planning.

Southland mayor Rob Scott has told him, “these people have done it right”.

“They’ve talked to people, they’ve consulted the community, but more importantly, they’ve listened,” he says.

“They’ve taken account of the things that they’ve said, and they’ve tried to change things.”

Measures included noise mitigation from the 24-hour hum of servers and concerns answered over water, required in great quantities for cooling.

“Most of the people who live around them have given their written approval for what’s going on,” he says.

Williams says given the Amazon data centre debacle in Auckland, where billions of dollar’s worth of building and employment were promised but never eventuated, people are right to be sceptical. But he says this project has emerged differently, starting small and getting bigger.

“But I do note,” he says, “with this particular project, the consent approval announcement was not made by the Prime Minister. So maybe that’s a good sign.”

Check out how to listen to and follow The Detail here.

You can also stay up-to-date by liking us on Facebook or following us on Twitter.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Emergency doctors estimate AI scribe ‘Heidi’ saving up to 10 minutes per patient

Source: Radio New Zealand

Doctors say the new AI scribe rolling out in EDs around the country is saving them up to 10 minutes per patient. Supplied

Doctors say the new AI scribe rolling out in EDs around the country is saving them up to 10 minutes per patient, and is particularly helpful for slow typers.

The tool, known as Heidi, was trialled in Hawke’s Bay Hospital’s ED, before the government announced it was being rolled out to all hospitals earlier this month.

The senior doctors’ union, ASMS, said in an update to members there had been no reported resistance from patients and senior medical officers had reported it eased cognitive pressure.

Health New Zealand (HNZ)’s director of digital innovation and AI, Sonny Taite, said clinicians were consistently reporting it reduced the time associated with clinical documentation, allowing them to focus more on patient care.

“Early qualitative feedback from senior medical officers indicates this has helped ease documentation pressure during busy shifts, and there has been no reported resistance from patients to its use in emergency settings.”

But with formal evaluation work ongoing, Health NZ was not attributing specific time savings percentages or quantified burnout outcomes at this stage.

Emergency physician Dr John Bonning said doctors in EDs were finding it “very helpful”, with its main benefit “speeding up those that are slow typists”.

It would normally take 15 minutes to see one patient and write up their notes, Bonning said, but one colleague had reported writing notes for three patients in 11 minutes – less than four minutes per patient.

Bonning himself had trialled the software a couple of times and was planning to incorporate it more into his work, and feedback among his colleagues had been mostly positive, with only about 10 percent deciding it was not for them.

“We do ask [patients’] consent before every use,” he said. “I don’t think I’ve ever had anybody say no, because it helps you do your job, and it helps you be more efficient.”

The app could summarise a handover with a paramedic, for example, which could then be turned into a referral letter or later on, a discharge note.

The notes could be quite wordy, and did need to be “very carefully edited, and occasionally it hallucinates and puts in false information, but not too much”, Bonning said.

Hallucinating, or adding false or illogical information to a response, is a known phenomemon among many types of AI. Tech giant IBM described it as “similar to how humans sometimes see figures in the clouds or faces on the moon”.

Emergency physician Dr John Bonning. Supplied / ACEM

HNZ’s Taite said feedback from 40 clinicians surveyed showed a need to “further improve accuracy and reduce editing effort, which would enhance trust and preserve time savings, particularly for senior clinicians”.

“Many also saw clear gains from smoothing workflow and device integration and better tailoring functionality to the realities of ED consults. Alongside this, there was interest in clearer guidance, templates, and training to support safe, confident use while reinforcing clinical reasoning and governance.”

Security features include encryption, two-factor authentication

Following hacks at both MediMap and ManageMyHealth in recent months, security is a topic front-of-mind for many in the health sector.

Taite explained Heidi operated as a secure cloud service and had been assessed against Health NZ’s privacy, security, and contractual requirements. “Appropriate safeguards are in place as part of the rollout,” he said.

Yass Omar, head of legal and regulatory affairs at Heidi, explained all data within Heidi was encrypted and de-identified, and the app used two-factor authentication.

Data was stored in the cloud, rather than in the device, unless it was waiting for an internet connection – and in those cases, it was stored in the app’s secure sandbox (that is, an isolated part of the app not accessible to anybody else) before being uploaded straight to the cloud once it reconnected.

The information collected by listening in to conversations was transcribed and summarised in the app, and then able to be copy and pasted into the patient’s notes in the hospital’s own IT system, where patient notes had always been stored.

“So you can imagine that [someone] finds an unlocked phone, they see the Heidi app, they press on it, it prompts them for 2FA [two factor authentication], they can’t pass that. And then the next step would be, oh, can I find some files? No, because they’re not actually stored on the phone.”

Yass Omar, head of legal and regulatory affairs at Heidi Supplied

Heidi had worked with NAIAEAG, Health NZ’s AI group, to make sure its security features were up to scratch, which Omar said was “an exceptionally high bar” to meet in terms of security.

None of the information fed into Heidi was used to train its AI. “Everything we do is about data minimisation,” he said. “We don’t collect any more data than we have to.”

Currently the encrypted, de-identified data was stored in a cloud-based server in Australia, but opening a server in New Zealand was on the cards.

“That’s something that is high in our priority for 2026,” Omar said. “The only thing that limits us is the availability of suitable infrastructure. At the scale that we are, we can’t just kind of use any cloud provider. We have to find ones that can cope with the volume of traffic that we push through.”

Study shows trust in AI will be difficult to repair if broken

According to a new paper, titled “Maintaining patient trust as artificial intelligence’s role in healthcare grows” by Rosie Dobson, Melanie Stowell and Robyn Whittaker, trust around AI could be built and maintained through transparency and good governance – “but if broken or lost, it will be difficult to repair and will have wider implications”.

Through interviews with patients and healthcare workers, the researchers found a few common threads when it came to their concerns:

  • The primary benefit of sharing AI data should be to the New Zealand public – not private companies or those overseas
  • Strong data protection needed to be in place
  • Patients needed choice and to give consent on when to share their data
  • AI should not replace the “human touch” of health professions
  • There should be Māori representation in work to develop AI tools, and governance over their use
  • Universities and New Zealand-based organisations were seen as more trustworthy AI development partners than commercial companies or overseas institutions

The authors recommended there be a culture of transparency, with health well-educated on how their tools work so they could explain it to patients. There also needed to be good governance, with the input of patients and healthcare workers.

GP says patient diagnosis the next step for AI in healthcare

Richard Medlicott, Wellington GP at Island Bay Medical Centre, said the future of AI in healthcare was as a tool for advice, not just a scribe.

Richard Medlicott, GP at Island Bay Medical Centre. RNZ / Karen Brown

Right now, among GPs, AI tools listened to consultations and made notes, which could then be copy and pasted or even automatically fed back into the GPs own patient notes system.

His practice used IntelliTek Health, a company which Medlicott himself had a stake in, rather than Heidi, but any AI software would have the effect of reducing ‘cognitive load’.

“At the end of a consultation, we might have to remember three or four things that were talked about in that fifteen minutes, and then get them all down,” he said.

“I find that quite fatiguing, and the use of scribes over the last two years has been really helpful in that regard.”

He said the scribe also meant he was verbalising more during consultations – “oh, your chest sounds clear, or your tummy’s nice and normal, no signs of an enlarged liver” – for the benefit of the scribe, but which patients appreciated.

And for doctors who preferred to type notes throughout the consult rather than afterwards, it meant they were more present in the conversation rather than at the keyboard, which patients said they appreciated.

It was saving GPs anywhere between two and five minutes per consultation, he said.

The future of AI would move beyond clinical scribes. Around the world already, AI was being used to look at medical records and give medical advice.

“I think we’ll get there, but AI sometimes hallucinate terribly, and just get things wrong,” he said. “That is the next stage, it’s happening now, but it is higher risk than AI scribes.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Christchurch community leaders uneasy about plan to pump partially-treated sewage into sea

Source: Radio New Zealand

Diggers at the burnt-out Bromley wastewater plant. Supplied Image – Christchurch City Council

A controversial plan to pump millions of litres of partially-treated sewage into the Christchurch coastline is leaving community leaders feeling uneasy and sceptical.

Earlier this month, Mayor Phil Mauger floated the idea of pumping around a third of the city’s sewage into the ocean in an effort to lessen the stench from the fire-damaged wastewater plant at Bromley.

The sewage would be partially treated and have chlorine added before being pumped out via the existing outfall pipe into Pegasus Bay.

The announcement came days after the Canterbury Regional Council issued an abatement notice to the city council over the plant’s “objectionable and offensive odour”, which had worsened over recent months resulting in almost 6000 complaints since late January.

The proposal had been met with fierce criticism in some quarters, with Fisheries Minister Shane Jones labelling the idea “ridiculous”.

Fisheries Minister Shane Jones. RNZ / Mark Papalii

The city council had until this week to comply with the abatement notice, including providing details on how it would mitigate the stench.

The Waitai Coastal-Burwood-Linwood community board was briefed on the plan on Monday.

Wastewater treatment plant operations manager Adam Twose told members the “multi-million dollar” plan was under consideration because recently-introduced wastewater regulations were more relaxed.

“Under the new wastewater standards, there’s the option to go a lot looser. So you’re allowed to discharge more contaminants to the environment,” he said.

The proposed sewage bypass would not meet the plant’s existing resource consent conditions, Twose said.

There also remained several unresolved matters, including total cost, timeframes and environmental impacts.

At the meeting, board chair Paul McMahon admitted he felt uneasy about the proposal.

“Given the potential environmental impact and lots of other unknowns. But I do think that it needs to be investigated fully,” he said.

The briefing also raised further questions over the plant’s overall resilience which had been operating at maximum capacity, meaning essential site maintenance had been put off.

Twose said if pressure on the plant was not eased, odours could become more frequent and more severe.

“[Our plan] was to see how long we could keep everything going until the new activator sludge was going in. But it’s become obvious that we need to act,” he said.

Councillor Yani Johanson also questioned whether the plan was viable.

“Is there a risk that we spend all this time and effort looking at this option and we don’t get progress on it to fix the problem ahead of when the new solution’s in place.

“If we spend a whole bunch of money doing something that’s not going to be ready in time, what have we achieved.”

Councillor Yani Johanson. RNZ / Nate McKinnon

The city council was planning to replace the plant’s fire-damaged trickling filters with an activated sludge reactor.

The project was due to completed in late 2028.

The regional council’s director of operations Brett Aldridge said it had received the city council’s plan.

“Our wastewater specialist will work alongside [Canterbury Regional Council] staff to assess the information provided with urgency to ensure it meets the expectations set out in the abatement notice. Depending on the complexity of the material submitted, this may take some time to complete.

“If the plan submitted today is not satisfactory, Christchurch City Council may face additional enforcement action from the regional council.”

Greens’ local government spokesperson Mike Davidson said the city council could be locked into a long-term committment for what was essentially a short-term fix.

“I think the council are genuine in trying to make it temporary, but it will give them a 35-year consent.

“We’ve seen things that were supposed to be temporary last very long, you just have to look at how long this debacle has taken to get to this point.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

How to remove mould from clothing and stop it growing in wardrobes and drawers

Source: Radio New Zealand

Ever plan to wear your favourite jacket, only to pull it out of the wardrobe to discover it’s got a weird smell and is covered in mould?

“People living in warm, humid climates or coastal regions are often impacted heavily [by mouldy clothing] because their indoor humidity remains elevated for long periods,” explains Nisa Salim, associate professor and director of Swinburne-CSIRO National Testlab for Composite Additive Manufacturing.

“Often wardrobes positioned against cold external walls can also accumulate condensation.”

Seasonal clothing often cops it the most.

ABC

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Southland – New Zealand’s power centre

Source: Radio New Zealand

Artist’s impression of how the data centre is to look. Datagrid

It’s being billed as the data centre that changes everything – but hopefully that doesn’t include the price of your power.

It will be the country’s second biggest user of electricity after the Tiwai Point aluminium smelter.

A $3 billion data centre in Southland that, as the marketing says, “changes everything”….

“…delivering the most significant upgrade to New Zealand’s digital infrastructure in a generation. We’re doubling national data capacity and opening up a high-growth gateway to Asia-Pacific’s booming cloud and AI economy.”

Multiple resource consents have been granted by three local authorities to get Datagrid’s huge AI data storage project in Makarewa off the ground, and to land a high-speed internet cable from Australia coming up at Oreti Beach near Invercargill.

But where will all the power come from? The likely answer is the Manapōuri hydro-electric power plant, which also powers Tiwai.

But if there’s a shortage, say in a drought, what will the data centre’s requirement for constant electricity do to the market – and our power bills?

That’s what niggles Newsroom’s South Island editor, David Williams, who speaks to The Detail today after six years of keeping tabs on the project.

Datagrid has told him it won’t be answering his questions until it issues a news release later on – possibly this week.

For its international clients, the fact that the centre will be using clean energy is a big selling point, but is there enough of that energy to go around?

“It’s not like a data centre can just power down,” says Williams.

“The advantage of Tiwai is that they can say, ‘ok, well, we’re not going to put on this particular potline. We will close down for a while, and that’s part of our contract, and we’ll get paid by the country if you like, to shut down because that’s good for New Zealand Inc.’

“Data centres need continuous power. If they power down… that’s why they have these backup generators… if they power down, it’s actually damaging to their units or their processing centre. It needs to be a constant supply.”

Fast Track approval has just been given for a large Contact Energy wind farm just 50 kilometres away from the centre’s site, so that could be a piece of the puzzle.

Williams says this is “not your usual Southland development, I would have thought”.

“The scale of this is quite something.”

Not only does it involve building six data halls, but it is also flanked by 12-metre-high noise control barriers over 9.5 hectares on a 48-ha property. There will be 84 emergency generators, each with a 10,000 litre diesel tank and a 15m high exhaust stack.

The construction phase will offer the most lucrative economic return to the region, with up to 550 workers expected to be on site, but once it’s finished, it will only require about 50 staff to keep it going.

The main transmission line practically runs over the top of the site, and Datagrid will build its own substation and upgrade the grid exit point.

Williams says the company has done well to consult with neighbours, iwi, and anyone else affected, all of whom seem to be on board with the mitigations it’s planning.

Southland mayor Rob Scott has told him, “these people have done it right”.

“They’ve talked to people, they’ve consulted the community, but more importantly, they’ve listened,” he says.

“They’ve taken account of the things that they’ve said, and they’ve tried to change things.”

Measures included noise mitigation from the 24-hour hum of servers and concerns answered over water, required in great quantities for cooling.

“Most of the people who live around them have given their written approval for what’s going on,” he says.

Williams says given the Amazon data centre debacle in Auckland, where billions of dollar’s worth of building and employment were promised but never eventuated, people are right to be sceptical. But he says this project has emerged differently, starting small and getting bigger.

“But I do note,” he says, “with this particular project, the consent approval announcement was not made by the Prime Minister. So maybe that’s a good sign.”

Check out how to listen to and follow The Detail here.

You can also stay up-to-date by liking us on Facebook or following us on Twitter.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

All 5 fundamental units of life’s genetic code were just discovered in an asteroid sample

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Kliti Grice, John Curtin Distinguished Professor of Organic and Isotope Geochemistry, Curtin University

A new study reveals all five fundamental nucleobases – the molecular “letters” of life – have been detected in samples from the asteroid Ryugu.

Asteroid particles offer a glimpse into the chemical ingredients that may have helped kindle life on Earth. The Ryugu samples were returned from space in 2020 by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) Hayabusa2 mission.

In 2023, an international team reported they had found one of the nucleobases in these samples – uracil. Now, in a study published in Nature Astronomy today, a team of Japanese scientists has confirmed all five nucleobases are present in this pristine asteroid material.

This means these ingredients for life may have been widespread throughout the Solar System in its early years.

Why look for nucleobases?

Nucleobases are nitrogen-containing organic molecules that form the “letters” of genetic information in DNA and RNA. The five main nucleobases are adenine and guanine (known as purines), as well as cytosine, thymine and uracil (known as pyrimidines).

These molecules combine with sugars and phosphates to yield nucleotides – the building blocks of genetic material. Without nucleobases, the genetic code that allows organisms to grow, reproduce and evolve would not exist.

How the five nucleobases make up RNA and DNA. Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA

By studying purines and pyrimidines in Ryugu samples, scientists can reconstruct the chemical history of primitive asteroids. In turn, this gives us a better understanding of how the building blocks of life may have been formed and existed across the Solar System.

Hayabusa2 delivered a total of 5.4 grams of pristine asteroid material. Researchers have to use ultra-clean lab conditions to avoid contaminating it. They extracted organic molecules using water and hydrocholoric acid, and then purified them for further detection.

They found all five nucleobases in the two Ryugu samples they analysed, in roughly similar amounts.

Microscope images of Ryugu samples collected from the first and second touchdown sites of the Hayabusa2 mission. JAXA/JAMSTEC

Key components of genetic material – in space

The new results align with previous findings on space rocks. The Murchison meteorite that fell in Australia in 1969, and the Orgueil meteorite in France, 1864, have previously yielded a rich variety of organic molecules, including nucleobases.

Of course, meteorites that land on Earth can be contaminated by their journey and landing. But pristine samples from NASA’s mission to asteroid Bennu also yielded all five nucleobases in 2025.

Asteroids such as Ryugu, Bennu, and the parent body of the Orgueil meteorite are remnants of the early Solar System. They can preserve materials largely unchanged for about 4.5 billion years.

Interestingly, these asteroids show chemical differences. Murchison is enriched in purines, while Bennu and Orgueil contain more pyrimidines. It is thought this balance may be influenced by ammonia, a key molecule that can shape which nucleobases can form.

By peering into Ryugu’s relatively pristine samples and comparing them with meteorites like Murchison and Orgueil, researchers are tracing the cosmic journey of life’s probable molecular ingredients.

Their results suggest key components of genetic material may have formed in space and later delivered to the early Earth. In other words, the story of life on our planet may be deeply connected to the chemistry of such ancient asteroids.

A coloured view of 162173 Ryugu taken by JAXA’s space probe Hayabusa2 in 2018. JAXA/Hayabusa2

A path for the ingredients of life

Together, these discoveries show that carbon-rich asteroids throughout the Solar System contain diverse prebiotic chemistry. However, the precise mixture of molecules – such as the balance between purines and pyrimidines – varies depending on the asteroid’s chemical environment and history.

Because the Ryugu samples were collected directly in space and protected from Earth’s contamination, they provide one of the clearest views of ancient Solar System chemistry.

The discovery of all five nucleobases on Ryugu suggests the molecular ingredients of life may have been already forming in space billions of years ago. Asteroids may have helped deliver those ingredients to the early Earth – making the origin of life part of a much larger cosmic chemical story.

ref. All 5 fundamental units of life’s genetic code were just discovered in an asteroid sample – https://theconversation.com/all-5-fundamental-units-of-lifes-genetic-code-were-just-discovered-in-an-asteroid-sample-278099

‘Emergency package’ could help low income families amid financial crisis, economist says

Source: Radio New Zealand

Unsplash / Emil Kalibradov

The war in the Middle East could see inflation in New Zealand hit 3.7 percent in a worst case scenario, Finance Minister Nicola Willis revealed on Tuesday.

Willis said the government was focused on mitigating the impact of the war on critical supply chains and the New Zealand economy.

The cost of filling the petrol tank of an average car had gone up about $23 and about $36 for diesel, she said.

Willis said that the government was aware of the pressure that could put on some households, but warned if there was to be any assistance, it would be very specific.

University of Auckland associate professor of economics Susan St John told Checkpoint New Zealand was already in a “crisis” and low income families were likely most affected.

She said it was about time that “something significant” was done.

“An emergency package could be developed, much like John Key did in 2008 in the global financial crisis,” she said.

“But a package that gets that money directly into the lowest of income families.”

Susan St John. RNZ / Cole Eastham-Farrelly

One way to do that is to pay them the full amount of working for families that they currently do not get, St John said.

St John said they missed out on about $100 a week.

“It could be temporary, as was John Key’s policy in 2008 for 16 weeks and be extended if more time was needed,” she said.

“But that would be very focused and go to the very lowest families, the ones that miss out on the full package, the ones who are on benefits, all part benefits, including about 250,000 of the poorest children.”

If you gave the full working for families package, it would mean nearly $100 extra a week, she said.

She said there was a lot of flexibility.

“The beauty of it is that it’s so highly targeted, which is what the minister wants and it’s not the only thing that should be done.

“Because those families who are getting the full package, the working low income families also need help.”

St John said the government would have provide payments without expecting to make cuts elsewhere.

“They’ve already cut far too much out of people on low incomes and so it can’t be found by making their lives any more miserable in other ways,” she said.

“There are different ways if you do want to do something really significant for families and make it stick and that might involve creaming a little bit off the top end of New Zealand Super and redistributing that back through the programs that need it in the social security budget.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

2500 Te Whatu Ora PAKS staff ratify new collective agreement, PSA says

Source: Radio New Zealand

The PSA said its members working in policy, advisory, knowledge and services voted overhelmingly in favour of ratifying a new collective agreement. RNZ

The Public Service Association (PSA) says a group of 2500 Te Whatu Ora staff it represents have ratified a new collective agreement.

The PSA said its members working in policy, advisory, knowledge and services – known as PAKS – voted overhelmingly in favour of the deal.

The PAKS agreement covered those employed in digital services, infrastructure, operations, communications, finance, people and capability, procurement, service design and planning, analytics and research, and policy.

The ratification was the result of 11 months of bargaining, mediation and industrial action.

Health workers covered by the collective would receive a pay increase of 2.5 percent effective from 1 December last year, with a further 2 percent in December this year.

Workers would each receive a $500 lump sum payment prorated for full-time equivalent hours worked.

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Leaked papers show ‘extreme risk’ around Health NZ decentralisation

Source: Radio New Zealand

Health NZ faces the “extreme risk” of not having enough of the workers it needs to push through the government’s order to decentralise rapidly. Unsplash / RNZ

Papers show that Health New Zealand faces the “extreme risk” of not having enough of the workers it needs to push through the government’s order to decentralise rapidly.

Health Minister Simeon Brown last November ordered the agency to “rapidly devolve decision-making to its four regions and 20 districts” to improve healthcare.

A new devolution committee has been set up and last month was presented a report assessing the “current state” across the board.

RNZ has seen papers from the report.

“People capability is an extreme risk,” it said.

“Workforce has the lowest capability rating identified across regions and their districts with critical resourcing gaps.”

The “most common” gaps were around staff to handle infrastructure, procurement, health and safety, planning, finance and analysis.

Brown had pushed for speed, but the assessment said there was “a feeling that basics need to be in place first”.

“The transition back to a devolved model too quickly may remove the current controls and undermine the effective oversights that have been put in place.”

That included around finances, it said.

Health NZ told RNZ on Monday it was working to address the workforce gaps and capability issues identified.

The papers showed gaps in devolution resources in areas where the centralised agency in the last two years cut jobs and accepted hundreds of voluntary redundancies.

“The highly centralised organisation structure has led to a loss of experience” in making organisational, operational and strategic decisions in districts, the assessment said.

Even at national senior leadership level there were big gaps – “all interim apart from one role”.

Health Minister Simeon Brown. RNZ / Mark Papalii

‘As quickly as possible’

The government two years ago castigated Health NZ for loose financial controls, sacked its board and under a reset the new commissioner Lester Levy embarked on a $2 billion savings plan.

The goverment then embarked on rolling back large parts of the centralisation reforms of 2022.

“We want a nationally and regionally planned system, but one that has strong clinical input and buy-in at the hospital level,” said Brown last November.

He gave HNZ a New Year’s Eve deadline to come up with a devolution policy in his letter of expectations.

“This reinforces my expectation that regional accountability, production planning, and local decision-making is embedded as quickly as possible,” his letter said.

“Local districts and regions should be empowered to manage within their allocated budgets, including hiring decisions.”

On Monday a spokesperson for Brown said the government had had to stabilise and turn around a system Labour had restructured during a pandemic “without a plan”.

It “cannot simply be switched off” and must still deliver more care to more patients, faster, and a key to that was moving health decisions closer to communities, they said in a statement.

The report – the second one done on devolution by consultants Deloitte – offered a glimpse of how devolution had been going.

The senior doctors’ union, the ASMS, in principle supported devolution but warned against districts having to take on more responsibility without the resources.

“The chatter that we’re picking up from around our regular set of meetings with the districts is a massive concern that this is just pushing responsibility onto districts without any realistic means of achieving what needs to be done in terms of providing health care,” said executive director Sarah Dalton.

ASMS executive director Sarah Dalton. LANCE LAWSON PHOTOGRAPHY / Supplied

‘Carefully managing the transition’

The assessment said some areas like in strategy and finance showed progress.

But it varied alot. What it called ‘People and Culture’ would be hugely impacted by devolution and was rated the worst, with ‘low’ assessments across all six measures; it was especially weak in the South Island and central North Island from Taranaki to Bay of Plenty.

“Regional and district finance and operational capacity remain concentrated at national level and many local teams are under-resourced in financial management,” it said.

The solution? “Build capability across the organisation.” The districts had lost key roles, now they needed them back.

A chart showed 12 categories – such as budgeting, analysis and auditing – and rated nine of them as less than fully effective. Three were only partially effective – the second-to-lowest rating – including HNZ’s savings programme and its internal audit programme.

Among the other gaps was technology. Key devolution changes were predicated on AI that was not yet in place, and so manual “workarounds” persisted.

Health NZ executive national director of strategy performance improvement Jess Smaling said the current state assessment report was to support “carefully managing the transition back to frontline decision making”.

It came only after HNZ had addressed the first priority of fixing the financial crisis and improved performance, she said in a statement.

“We are committed to ensuring our districts are ready, able and most of all supported, to have more autonomy over their clinical decisions and operational budgets.”

‘Not driven by … cost savings’

Health system commentator Ian Powell had long called for devolution but said that required the right capabilities.

“And we’ve lost that through short-sighted restructuring.”

He did not see signs in the assessment that the topdown command culture was being overhauled. “That’s the missing bit.

“Overwhelmingly on the management side of Te Whatau Ora, both regionally and nationally, there’s a high level of job insecurity, and that is a terrible environment to actually to have to work in, and it guarantees a destabilised organisation.”

Health system commentator Ian Powell had long called for devolution but said that required the right capabilities. Supplied

Health NZ Te Whatu Ora subsumed all 20 of the old district health boards – DHBs – almost four years ago. Its establishment cost tens of millions of dollars including large sums in consultant fees.

Brown in his letter of expectations to the board chair late last year said it was “clear to me that Health NZ is too centralised”.

“Too many decisions are made by people who are removed from the problems that frontline clinicians are trying to solve.

“While the final devolved structure may result in a smaller national office than in recent years,

this change is not driven by restructuring or cost savings.”

The driver instead was to embed local clinicians in budgeting and planning services, and set up straight lines of accountability everywhere, Brown said.

But the papers the committee looked at last month indicated that districts might struggle with budgeting.

“Staff churn and the absence of robust costing systems and processes has created knowledge gaps, making it difficult to form an accurate bottom-up budget based on cost of services delivered, paticulary in H&SS [Hospital and Specialist Services].”

It talked about reducing some of the risks by adopting a devolution “timeframe” that allowed regions and districts to get critical activities in place to take on more autonomy.

‘Trade-offs and risks’

It sounded other notes of caution, too.

“While there is a desire to accelerate the devolution process, HNZ recognises that there are trade-offs and risks involved,” said Deloitte’s assessment.

This could lead to “lack of control, poor decision-making, duplication of effort, inconsistent reporting and accountability gaps”.

The solution was good planning.

But this appeared a long way off.

“The desired end state has not yet been clearly defined, including the [transition] from a national to a regional structure,” it said.

The “scope, sequence and pace” of devolution all needed defining.

Dalton said while 2022’s centralisation had caused “chaos” by distancing clinicians from decisionmaking, devolution had to be resourced and the minister would be wise to taihoa.

“I mean, it really does smack of trying to come up with what looks like some quick wins in an election year, and that’s no way to run a health system.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

Petrol price could hit $4, economists warn

Source: Radio New Zealand

RNZ / Dan Cook

It’s feasible that petrol prices could reach $4 a litre, economists say.

Ongoing conflict in the Middle East has pushed up oil prices, taking petrol prices with them.

Over March, the average price of 91 has risen about 50c a litre, according to price monitoring app Gaspy. On Monday it was just over $3 on average across the country.

Westpac chief economist Kelly Eckhold said if the crisis were to continue, the price of oil could hit US$200 a barrel, which would take retail petrol prices past $4.

Westpac noted last week that refining margins had already lifted from US$20 ($NZ34) to around US$35 a barrel, which amplified the effect on retail prices for petrol in New Zealand.

“Refining margins will go quite high because there’s the supply chain that’s going from the Middle East to the refiners in Asia who are overwhelmingly reliant on crude oil coming out of the Middle East, with a three-week lag, maybe a month if you want to be generous.

“Those refiners in Asia are already considering reducing production because they don’t want to shut down a refinery. They would prefer to run it at a lower level because if you shut it down it’s really expensive and hard to start back up again.

“What that will mean is that there’ll be increasingly reduced supply of refined products around Asia and that will obviously be an important input into petrol and diesel here … $4 petrol prices are eminently feasible if you end up in some of those quite negative scenarios.”

Simplicity chief economist Shamubeel Eaqub said oil prices at around US$150 a barrel would mean $4 a litre for motorists.

Infometrics chief forecaster Gareth Kiernan said with oil prices at around US$100, petrol should be at about $3.27.

“We’re pushing towards that … if you had another US$35 a barrel on top of that, US$135 on a sustained basis, you could be pushing $4. I’ve seen people talking risks around $150.

“I think Westpac came out with $185 and others are talking $200 …. you look at some of those numbers and you’re talking well north of $4 potentially.”

He said every US$1 increase in the oil price added about 2.2c but Eaqub said as long as the refining crack spread remained the same it could be about 1.2c. Westpac estimated a US$10 increase in the price of oil added 11c a litre.

Murat Ungor, at Otago University, said the market was very sensitive to price movements

“If crude oil were to reach US$130 to US$140 per barrel and stay there for three to four weeks, petrol prices could quickly move into the $3.50-$3.70 range.

“To break the $4 barrier, we would likely need a combination of extreme factors, such as crude sustained at US$140-US$170 per barrel, matching or exceeding the record highs of 2008, or such high prices combined with a weaker New Zealand dollar and higher shipping margins.”

Sign up for Money with Susan Edmunds, a weekly newsletter covering all the things that affect how we make, spend and invest money

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

One man, two brutal killings two decades apart: How the mental health system ‘failed everybody’

Source: Radio New Zealand

Leslie Parr killed his partner Fiona Maulolo in 1997, then his mother in 2024. Supplied

Leslie Parr was spiralling.

It had been 27 years since he’d killed his ex-partner Fiona Maulolo, stabbing her repeatedly with a chisel before beheading her.

Following his first killing he was made a special patient under the Mental Health Act after a jury found him not guilty of murder by reason of insanity.

From about 2012 he was back in the community and in 2021 he had his status change to being a patient under the Mental Health Act.

But by early 2024 his mental health was rapidly declining, he was having troubles with his relationship and he was using cannabis. In May 2024 he was admitted to a mental health facility after an altercation with a relative. About a week later he was released back into the community.

Then, five days later he killed “the most important thing to him” – his mother Heather Condon. Once again, he would be found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity.

The case was shrouded in secrecy until RNZ revealed it last year.

On Monday, the Supreme Court dismissed Parr’s application for leave to appeal a decision declining name suppression, allowing RNZ to reveal the full details of the killing.

RNZ has obtained court documents including statements from those who knew him best that lift the lid on Parr’s life, his mental health battles and his family’s anger with the mental health system.

“How can someone who has previously killed another person be able to remain free when the warning signs are right there for all to see?” his father wrote.

Fiona Maulolo was killed by her partner Leslie Parr in 1997. Supplied

‘Cold and sinister’

Leslie Raymond Parr was born in 1974. He was the youngest of four siblings, and a year after he was born the family moved to Whanganui.

Parr’s father Harold Parr would later tell police the children were “all good kids”.

“My boys and I would do lots of things together like hunting, fishing and I coached their school rugby team.”

Wanting the best for his sons, Harold Parr sent them to St Stephen’s secondary school in Auckland.

After finishing school, Leslie Parr returned home. His parents soon separated and Harold Parr moved to Taupō before going to live in Wellington.

Leslie’s troubles were first expressed in 1995 when he developed insomnia, with a decrease in appetite over several months.

He was admitted to a psychiatric unit under the Mental Health Act in August that year after attempting suicide. On admission he was overheard saying “Satan will kill us all. Here to save you”.

A psychiatrist found he was suffering from a disorder of the mind.

“I can only say, most emphatically, that Mr Parr should remain in a psychiatric hospital as an involuntary patient. He is really very ill and is at risk of suiciding. I fear the type of schizophrenia he has is one that is associated with impulsive and often successful suicide attempts, usually based on concealed delusional thinking.”

Parr was then made the subject of a Compulsory Treatment Order. After responding well to medication he was released.

Harold told police about “episodes” Leslie had while living with him.

“I knew he was suffering from something serious because he was so dark and cold when he had an episode.

“I noticed it mostly in his eyes, they were just cold and sinister looking.”

The house where Fiona Maulolo was found dead in 1997. Supplied

‘I had to kill her’

Leslie met Fiona Maulolo in 1996 and the pair soon moved into a property in the Hutt Valley.

Soon after meeting Maulolo, Leslie stopped taking his antipsychotic medication regularly and had an “episode” which led to him being admitted to Porirua Hospital.

Parr was described as a man who was “depressed and delusional”, thinking that his father was Satan. He was predicting the end of the world in the year 2000, and said he heard voices telling him to kill himself.

When his medication was reintroduced he began to deny psychotic symptoms.

On the day he was due to be discharged from hospital he seriously assaulted a police officer who was visiting the same ward.

Parr told a psychiatrist he didn’t believe he was to blame “because the constable had looked at him”.

Parr was then made a compulsory inpatient for six months under the Mental Health Act.

However, he was released nine days later, on 28 March 1996. He was not seen again by mental health services until 15 April 1997 after he was found semi-conscious in a carport at Maulolo’s property.

He was transported to Hutt Hospital by ambulance and admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. He later regained consciousness and underwent a psychiatric assessment before he was discharged into his father’s care.

Three days after he was admitted to hospital his father and another person went to collect some clothes for him from Maulolo’s home. On arrival they found Maulolo’s daughters and a relative who had not heard from Maulolo for a week.

They forced their way into the home and found Maulolo’s body in the bath. Police were then called.

Maulolo had been decapitated with her head found in a plastic bag in a clothes dryer. Forensic evidence revealed Parr had driven a chisel multiple times into her heart before decapitating her.

He went on trial for murder in 1998. At trial police said Parr and Maulolo’s relationship was “volatile” with neighbours describing constant verbal arguments and fights between them. There was a suggestion Maulolo was looking to end the relationship.

He told police he killed her because he believed she was Satan.

A jury found Parr not guilty by reason of insanity. A judge ordered he be detained in a special secure unit and not freed without the health minister’s authority.

A coroner later said Parr’s treatment had been seriously deficient.

There had been no ongoing assessment of Parr’s mental health state, or monitoring of his medication needs between when he was discharged and when the murder occurred.

Parr’s hospital file showed that a clinical review of his mental health had been carried out by his responsible clinician, Dr Linda Astor.

She claimed she had examined Parr and “consulted with other health professionals” involved in the treatment and care of him, and that she had taken their views into account when assessing the results of her review of his condition.

She said he was fit to be released from compulsory status, nine days into what was supposed to be six-months as a compulsory patient.

There was, however, no evidence Dr Astor ever saw Parr or consulted with other health professionals involved in his treatment and care.

Astor later fled the country and was unmasked as a bogus psychiatrist.

The Supreme Court dismissed Parr’s application for leave to appeal a decision declining name suppression, allowing RNZ to reveal the full details of the killing. RNZ / Rebekah Parsons-King

‘He was very loving and caring’

Parr was transferred to Te Awhina, an inpatient acute mental health service, to be closer to his family in 2000. He was put on a different medication and his mental health “improved a lot,” his father said.

In the coming years he started doing day visits accompanied by a nurse and even got a job.

Once he was released eventually released from Te Awhina he started going by the name Zac.

At first he lived with his mother, before finding his own place. Harold said Leslie looked after his mother and grandfather including doing their lawns.

In 2021 the special patient order was removed.

In 2023 Leslie met a woman Rachel (not her real name) via online dating, by September they were in a relationship.

The woman told RNZ Leslie, who told her his name was Zac, seemed “perfectly fine”.

“He was very loving and caring and treated me incredibly well.”

She would later tell police Leslie was “always helping his family”.

“Especially his mum and as far as I knew he was a good person, a kind person.”

Harold told police that Leslie spent several years working at a local freezing works but left after people found out about Maulolo’s death. He went on the benefit for a few years before getting a job at a milk factory cleaning trucks.

In March 2024, the work “dried up,” his father said and Leslie was laid off and went back on the benefit.

Harold said he visited his son days before his birthday in April to help as he was having a party.

“When I arrived, Leslie was there with a friend, and they were bouncing off the walls. It was obvious him and his friend had used drugs.”

The following day Harold told Leslie to get off the drugs or he would call the police.

The pair did not have much contact after the incident as they were “both annoyed at one another”.

It was not until May that Leslie told Rachel he killed his former girlfriend in 1997.

“I laughed and thought he was joking but he had a dead-pan face and I eventually realised he was not joking, and I screamed and told him to leave.”

After he left, she looked him up online and read about what happened to Maulolo.

“At the time I thought it had been years earlier and he wasn’t well at the time and the case had not been handled well, lots of mistakes involved.

“So, I believed it was a one-off thing due to all the circumstances and not likely to happen again.”

Leslie also sat down with her and said he was on the wrong medication at the time and claimed he begged them not to let him go because he knew he wasn’t well.

The admission

In May 2024, following an altercation with a relative he was admitted to a mental health facility.

Rachel said after the admission she became “very scared and very terrified”.

He was released after about a week on 30 May. Following his release, he became preoccupied with the loss of keys to his ute which he could not find.

Harold told police his son did not sleep for four nights, worried about his ute.

“He was so agitated about his keys and seemed really scared and stressed,” he said.

“I could tell how much it was affecting him and he just wouldn’t let it go.”

Leslie visited his father’s home on 3 June. He did not go inside, and just sat on the back doorstep.

“He started to remind me of how he behaved in Wellington when the other incident happened.

“Leslie had those dark eyes and wasn’t present. The biggest thing I notice when he’s like that is you can’t reason with him. He talks so fast and frantic that you don’t even have time to answer.”

Rachel’s concerns were also growing.

“I started to see a side to him I didn’t like.”

He started becoming delusional and irrational which appeared to coincide with his consumption of marijuana increasing a lot higher than she had noticed before.

“He said some weird things to me about his mum not being a human and that she was a Demi-God.”

When she heard he was going to be released from the mental health facility she worried “maybe he’s gonna come for me”.

“But I didn’t want to come tell the police because I thought I needed to try get out of it quietly, because I thought if I piss him off, you know you can get protection orders, you can get that but it’s just a piece of paper they can still kill you.”

A day after he was released Leslie messaged Rachel and said he did not love her anymore and wanted to break up.

The following morning, about 4.30am, Rachel woke up to tapping on her ranch slider. She got up and he was standing outside. He said he had been drinking with his friend all day and night and he had been sick and then drove to her place. He ended up staying the night.

Two days later she was mowing her front lawn when she saw him sitting in his car on the road watching her. Rachel asked him what he was doing, and he replied: “Oh, I love you and I want to be with you.”

She told him he was stalking her and was being “creepy”. He took off, but she then saw him again about an hour later across the road. She told him to go away, and she would see him later on.

The next night he visited her home after repeatedly asking to come over. The couple were arguing back and forth in her bedroom.

Rachel said she told him she did not think the relationship was working and he needed to leave.

He refused to leave and asked her what she was going to do about it. She threatened to call the police and then he left.

A second killing

The following morning, the day of the second killing, Parr called Rachel to say he needed someone to pick him up as he had driven out of town and his car broke down in Bulls. Rachel said she was reluctant to help him but eventually relented.

However, when she got there he was not there. Rachel then called Heather and said she could not find him.

Heather said she wondered if he was testing her.

“I said to her, ‘Yeah, he’s been acting very, very strange’ and she started to get upset and said, ‘Yes, I’m very worried about him and he’s been saying that he can’t trust anybody, that he can’t trust me, he can’t trust his dad and he only trusts you and that he only feels safe with you’.”

Shortly after Leslie called Rachel and said his phone had gone flat and he got a lift with someone else.

Leslie had also been calling his father earlier in the day. Leslie’s sister called Harold shortly before 1pm saying she was concerned about her brother and wanted him to go and stay with her to relax about his ute.

“I told her it was better for him to be in Whanganui near the pysch unit and where there are more cops in case something happened”.

Harold then drove around to Leslie’s home. He was not there, but just as he was leaving Heather arrived.

The pair talked about how their son was behaving, including his worries about his keys and his drug use.

About 20 minutes later he got a call from Heather once she was home to say Leslie was at her home when she got there.

“Heather said they had an argument because he was angry at her for calling [Rachel] and getting her involved.

“She said Leslie told her he needed the car, so she threw him the keys and he took off.”

Harold tried calling Leslie to see where he was but he did not answer.

About 1.45pm Leslie called Harold and they talked about hiring a trailer to pick up his ute.

Harold then picked Leslie up from Heather’s home and headed towards the hire centre.

“When we got there Leslie changed his mind about picking up his car.

“We had a heated discussion about picking up his car and mucking around, but he still didn’t want to go get it, so I dropped him back at his mother’s.”

Harold then went to the supermarket. While there he called Leslie’s sister and spoke about Leslie. She said Leslie had been talking about everyone being out to get him.

“[She] said she could hear in his voice that he didn’t seem well but insisted she could help.

“I told [her] we should call Police and try get him back to the hospital.”

He then called Leslie’s nurse to get and get his doctor’s number.

He claimed the nurse told him Leslie went to get this “shot” around 1pm and was “very cagey”.

“I asked [the nurse] if she drug tested Leslie, but she didn’t because she thought he might think she was picking on him and make him angry.”

The nurse said she would call Leslie’s doctor and tell him how he was behaving and express the family’s concerns.

At 4.53pm Harold received a call from Leslie asking for help. He said he was at his mother’s home and the mob was after him.

“He was puffing and was out of breath like he had been fighting or running.”

At 5.35pm Leslie phoned again and said the same thing about needing help, but he was now at his home.

Court documents reveal that between 4.50pm and 5.39pm there was an incident between Leslie and his mother at her home.

Armed with a knife, Leslie fatally stabbed his mother before leaving the address and arriving at an associate’s home about 6.20pm.

He walked into the address and sat on the doorstep asking his associate “cuz do you know where to get a gun?”

Leslie said he needed the gun because the Mongrel Mob was after him.

He then called his sister and a plan was made to go to Raetihi.

Leslie got into his associate’s car and while they were travelling he said “cuz I’ve killed mum”.

Asked why, Leslie said “Mum’s possessed, Mum’s possessed. I had to do it.”

The associate got out of the car and walked away. Leslie then drove off. The associate eventually drove to the Whanganui Police Station and told them what Leslie had said.

About 5.30pm, Leslie arrived at Rachel’s home. He made himself a chicken sandwich and about 7pm they went to bed.

Meanwhile, Leslie’s family were becoming concerned as they were unable to get hold of him or Heather.

They thought she may have gone to mass, but it was “out of character” for her not to have her phone. Harold drove to her home but there were no cars outside.

He then went and checked the laundry and shops, but could not find her.

At 8.25pm police found Heather dead in the garden beside the porch.

Harold told police that as soon as he was told about Heather’s death he became concerned for Rachel and her daughter.

“I didn’t know any details of what happened to Heather, but I immediately thought Leslie was the only one capable of doing that and given how he had been behaving it was likely.”

About 1am Rachel woke to get some water when she saw lights coming from outside.

“I woke him up and said ‘there’s all these lights and things’ and he just got up and shot out, and then suddenly there’s armed offenders squad and dogs and guns being pointed and stuff like that.”

Rachel went and spoke with the police and asked what was going on.

Leslie was told he was under arrest for murder and he replied:

“Yes, I know.”

The following day, Rachel was told what had happened.

“I was in disbelief, I was sickened and distraught.”

Heather was “the most important thing to him,” she said.

“This is where it is so hard to believe what he’s done to her because he would talk to her every day, if not multiple times a day.

Harold told police Leslie “loved his mother” and did anything for her.

“When he’s well he’s such a caring person.

“Leslie wasn’t well though and he is capable of anything when his mental state is unstable.”

Mental health system ‘failed everybody’

In April last year in the High Court at Whanganui Justice Karen Grau said there was no question Parr was responsible for his mother’s death, but that he was “legally insane” at the time he caused her death.

“I am satisfied, based on the reports of the experts, that it is clear Mr Parr suffered from a disease of the mind, a relapse in his longstanding schizophrenia, at the time he killed his mother.

“It is not the case that he did not understand the nature of his actions, but as the experts have concluded, and with which I agree, he was incapable of understanding his acts were morally wrong, and they were driven by his delusional beliefs.”

He was ordered to be detained as a special patient under the Mental Health Act.

Justice Grau said the case occurred “against a backdrop of apparent significant failures in the mental health system”.

Harold Parr wrote to Justice Grau as part of proceedings, requesting name suppression for both his son and Heather.

He said he had attended “countless appointments” and meetings relating to his son’s mental health over the years.

“I have met his doctors and psychiatrists and have a good understanding of the mental health system, what services are provided and some of its failings.”

He referenced Maulolo’s killing, saying the details of which were “too horrific to repeat”.

He wrote his son’s release by Dr Astor was “unlawful and improper” and said Leslie “should never have been let out”.

“If the proper procedures were followed Fiona would not have been killed in 1997.”

He also referenced the allegations that on the day Leslie killed for a second time he was supposed to be drug tested but wasn’t because he was “acting cagey” and the staffer didn’t want him to feel he was being “picked on”.

“This is a so-called health professional who observed unusual behaviour from a person with severe mental health issues and they didn’t do anything about it. She didn’t test him and basically allowed him to leave. A few hours later Heather was dead.”

Harold wrote the build-up to Heather’s death was “predictable”, adding his son was “on a downward spiral”.

“The health system is not aggressive enough to make decisions. They pussy foot around because they don’t want to hurt people’s feelings or upset them. But the consequence of them being indecisive is the reason that we find ourselves in this predicament now. Heather is dead and it could and should have been prevented,” he said.

“There are more questions than answers. The health system had Leslie in their custody and released him. A health professional saw Leslie on the day he killed Heather, described him as being cagey, did not do the blood test and let him go without anything. How? Who is accountable? How can someone who has previously killed another person be able to remain free when the warnings signs are right there for all to see?”

Speaking to RNZ, Rachel earlier said Leslie should not have been released from the mental health facility five days before the killing.

“I don’t know how they couldn’t have noticed how he was unwell unless he put on a really good show.”

She believed there had been a “massive failure” in the mental health system.

“It failed him, it failed everybody twice.”

Rachel often wondered whether Leslie may have killed her as well. She was in therapy and said she was “a mess”.

“I feel sad. I feel sad for the victims, I feel sad for him. I feel it’s just sad all around really. He was unwell, and he just wasn’t given the care that he should have been given.”

Reviews under way

Health New Zealand (HNZ) national director of mental health & addictions enhancement, Phil Grady, said on Monday the case was an incredibly tragic event.

“Our thoughts remain with the family, friends and communities affected. On behalf of Health New Zealand, I extend our heartfelt sympathies to everyone impacted,” Grady said.

“It is completely understandable that people feel let down and are seeking answers. We acknowledge those concerns and want to approach them with openness and respect, while recognising the deep impact this has had on both victim’s loved ones, the wider community, and the staff involved in Mr Parr’s care.”

Grady said HNZ also recognised that questions had been raised about aspects of Parr’s care and the decisions made at the time.

“These were complex clinical decisions based on the information available, and the external review has carefully examined those concerns.

“Where the review has identified areas that could be clearer or stronger, such as expectations around drug screening, information sharing, and clinical oversight, we are acting on those findings to improve consistency and strengthen practice across the service.”

Health NZ reviewed every serious adverse event that occurs within its services, and were committed to learning from them, he said.

“An external review of the care Mr Parr received leading up to this event is currently being finalised, led by senior Health NZ staff from outside the Central Region to ensure independence.

“We are committed to implementing any recommended changes so that we continue to strengthen the quality and safety of the care we provide.

“Events of this nature are incredibly tragic, but when they occur, we take them extremely seriously. The learning from this event is already informing improvements across the service, including strengthening clinical leadership, improving information sharing, clarifying clinical protocols such as drug screening, and enhancing whānau engagement and staff training.”

Mental health care in the community was complex, and risk could never be removed entirely, he said

“Especially in the case of serious mental illness, but these improvements are designed to strengthen safeguards and provide reassurance to the people we care for, their whānau, and the wider community.”

The Ministry of Health also extended its deepest sympathies to the families, friends and communities affected.

Following Parr’s second killing, Health New Zealand commissioned an external review into the care provided to the individual.

“Health New Zealand has already made changes since the incident, and I support their work,” Director of Mental Health Dr John Crawshaw said.

He said the external review was being led by an external expert panel and is near completion.

“Once the external review is available, I will carefully consider whether any further actions are required.”

Mental Health Minister Matt Doocey. RNZ / Mark Papalii

Mental Health Minister Matt Doocey said in a statement his thoughts were with the families impacted.

“I have made it very clear to HNZ that patient and public safety must always be paramount, clearly situations like this are not good enough. New Zealanders deserve to have trust that when people are in the care of mental health services, the appropriate care is being taken to ensure patient and public safety is at the forefront of all decisions,” he said.

“As minister, my focus is on ensuring agencies put in place all necessary changes to prevent tragedies like this from occurring again. I have made it very clear to Health New Zealand that they must move quickly to implement the findings of the reviews and make all necessary changes to prevent this from happening again.”

Doocey was awaiting the Director of Mental Health’s decision on whether he was satisfied with the review and whether any further action needs to be taken.

Chief Victims Advisor Ruth Money said the case was “heartbreaking and preventable”.

When RNZ first revealed the case she called for a Royal Commission of Inquiry into forensic mental health facilities.

On Monday she said she stood by those calls.

“Given that unbelievably this is not the only recent case where someone in forensic mental health ‘care’ has gone on to kill twice.

“An inquiry that has mandated recommendations is the only way the system will improve, as opposed to Health NZ continuing to mark their own homework every time a tragedy such as this occurs. These victims and the community deserve infinitely better.”

Sign up for Ngā Pitopito Kōrero, a daily newsletter curated by our editors and delivered straight to your inbox every weekday.

– Published by EveningReport.nz and AsiaPacificReport.nz, see: MIL OSI in partnership with Radio New Zealand

US, Fiji intervene for Israel in South Africa’s Gaza genocide case at ICJ

Asia Pacific Report

The United States and Fiji have filed separate declarations of intervention in South Africa’s genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), alleging the country is committing genocide in Gaza.

While the US explicitly rejects the allegation that Israel is committing genocide, Fiji raises issues about how the 1948 Genocide Convention should be interpreted.

The 34-page Fiji declaration was filed on March 12 and is signed by Ambassador Ilaitia Tamata, Fiji’s Permanent Representative of Fiji to the United Nations and other international organisations in Geneva, reports The Fiji Times.

In the declaration, Fiji said it was exercising its right under Article 63(2) of the ICJ Statute to intervene as a party to the Convention, arguing that the case raises important questions about how it should be interpreted.

The filing confirms that Fiji has appointed its Permanent Representative to Israel, Ambassador Filipo Tarakinikini, as agent for the proceedings.

The Fiji filing was made alongside separate interventions by Namibia and Hungary, according to a press release issued by the court on Friday, reports Middle East Eye.

All four states submitted declarations under Article 63 of the ICJ statute, which allows countries that are parties to a treaty under dispute to intervene in order to present their interpretation of that treaty.

Iceland, Netherlands also file
Earlier on Thursday, Iceland and the Netherlands also filed declarations under Article 63.

South Africa filed the case in December 2023, accusing Israel of breaching the Genocide Convention through its military campaign in Gaza following the Hamas-led attacks of  October 7 that year.

Pretoria argues that Israel’s conduct — including mass killings, destruction of infrastructure and the imposition of conditions of life threatening the survival of Palestinians in Gaza — amounts to genocide.

Israel denies the accusation and claims its war is justified by considerations of self-defence.

The US submission on Thursday stands out among most interventions for directly defending Israel against the accusation brought by South Africa. Taking sides in a case is highly unconventional under Article 63 submissions.

“It’s very unusual for an intervening state (US) to use language like that,” explained Professor Gerhard Kemp, a scholar of international law.

“States normally stick to the legal issues, which can even be helpful for both sides. But terms like ‘false’ or ‘wrong’ don’t really move the needle,” he told Middle East Eye.

“They are probably aimed at a different audience.”

US argues genocide claim ‘false’
In its declaration, Washington argues that allegations that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza are “false” and urges the court to apply a strict legal threshold when determining genocidal intent.

It says, uncontroversially, that genocide can only be established where there is clear proof of specific intent to destroy a protected group.

Israel’s genocide in Gaza: Whatever happened to South Africa’s case at the ICJ?

That intent should only be inferred when it is the only reasonable explanation for the conduct in question, it says.

The submission argues that the ICJ must be fully convinced before determining an act is genocide, due to the exceptional gravity of the crime. It also says civilian casualties and destruction during armed conflict do not by themselves prove genocidal intent.

“The United States submits that the Court should maintain its standard for inferring intent. Lowering the standard risks broadening the application of the term ‘genocide’ such that it no longer carries its original weight and meaning, and invites attempts to misuse the Genocide Convention as a gateway for bringing extraneous disputes before the Court,” the US claimed.

Hungary and Fiji’s submissions similarly advance legal arguments that align closely with Israel’s position in the case.

Narrow interpretation
Hungary’s declaration calls for a narrow interpretation of genocide and emphasises that civilian casualties and destruction during armed conflict do not in themselves demonstrate genocidal intent.

Fiji’s intervention likewise urges the court to apply an extremely high evidentiary threshold for genocide, and cautions against relying heavily on reports by international organisations or non-governmental groups when assessing allegations.

By contrast, Namibia’s declaration focuses on a broader interpretation of the Genocide Convention and emphasises how genocidal intent may be inferred from patterns of conduct and cumulative evidence.

Namibia argues that acts such as the denial of humanitarian aid, repeated displacement and deprivation of basic necessities could fall within the Convention’s prohibition on deliberately inflicting conditions of life calculated to bring about the destruction of a protected group.

Its submission also stresses that genocide can be committed through omissions, including a refusal to allow or facilitate life-saving humanitarian assistance to civilians under a state’s control.

Third-state interventions
The new filings add to a rapidly expanding list of states seeking to intervene in the proceedings.

Since April 2024, similar interventions have been submitted by Colombia, Libya, Mexico, Palestine, Spain, Turkey, Chile, the Maldives, Bolivia, Ireland, Cuba, Belize, Brazil, the Comoros, Belgium and Paraguay in support of the South African argument.

Palestine and Belize have also sought to intervene under Article 62 of the court’s statute, which allows states to apply to participate in proceedings if they believe they have a legal interest that could be affected by the court’s decision.

Under Article 63, intervening states do not become parties to the dispute. Instead, they are permitted to present their interpretation of the treaty at issue — in this case the 1948 Genocide Convention.

The interpretation adopted by the court in its eventual judgment will also be binding on those states.

The case has become one of the most closely watched disputes ever heard by the ICJ and has drawn an unusually large number of third-state interventions, which have reached 22.

The court has already ordered Israel in legally binding provisional measures to take steps to prevent acts that could violate the Genocide Convention and to allow humanitarian aid into Gaza.

Israel ignores court orders
Israel has repeatedly ignored the orders.

A final ruling on whether Israel has breached the Convention is expected in 2028. But it could take longer, depending on the length of hearings and the two parties’ adherence to deadlines.

On Thursday, Israel was scheduled to submit its counter-memorial, or arguments in response to South Africa’s accusations, after several deadline extensions by the court.

The court has yet to announce that Israel has filed its evidence, however.

During its devastating onslaught, Israel has so far killed more than 74,000 Palestinians in Gaza, most of them women and children. It has also destroyed most of the enclave’s homes, hospitals, schools and other infrastructure, rendering it largely uninhabitable for its 2.3 million civilians.

A UN commission of inquiry concluded last September that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza since 7 October 2023.

The UN report’s authors, including legal experts Navi Pillay and Chris Sidoti, told Middle East Eye that the report used evidence and a similar methodology in its analysis to that which will be used by the ICJ.

Article by AsiaPacificReport.nz

Regulator slaps restrictions on Kyle and Jackie O if they ever return to radio. Will it make any difference?

Source: The Conversation (Au and NZ) – By Denis Muller, Senior Research Fellow, Centre for Advancing Journalism, The University of Melbourne

If the ARN radio network’s KIISFM stations want to resurrect Kyle Sandilands or Jackie “O” Henderson, either together, singly or in partnership with someone else, they will face significant new conditions on their broadcasting licence.

The Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) has produced a report reciting a litany of horrors committed by the show, and setting out the basis for these new conditions.

It comes a fortnight after the Kyle and Jackie O show imploded, but it could turn out to be a preemptive strike that discourages ARN from getting either or both of them back on air.

The unfortunate timing is not a reflection on the ACMA’s personnel, who have been wringing their hands over this program for years, but on the deliberate hamstringing of the regulator by politicians either in thrall to, or frightened of, the commercial broadcasting sector.

Between June and December 2024, the ACMA conducted five investigations into the show. One of those five episodes alone contained discussions and descriptions of explicit sexual acts and references to sexually related hygiene.

As a result of these investigations, the ACMA found the network had repeatedly breached the decency clause of the commercial radio code of practice.

Then, in September 2025, the ACMA found the network to have breached the same decency clause in four more programs. These included sounds of men and women urinating as part of a guessing game in which listeners were invited to speculate on the size and shape of these people’s genitals.

In earlier years there had been breaches of decency in relation to comments about the Virgin Mary (2020), the Paralympics (2023) and monkeypox (2023).

ACMA’s responses to these crudities was to impose undertakings on the part of the network to employ a second censor on the show; deliver and expand code compliance training; conduct an independent assessment of its program controls, and report progress twice a year to the ACMA.

In its latest report, the ACMA acknowledges the futility of these measures. It says the network complied with its obligations but this “failed to ensure compliance”, and there had been “no material changes made to the show’s format”.

So it has imposed two new conditions, to apply for five years. The first says any program involving either Sandilands or Henderson must comply with the decency standard. The second says they must not broadcast content that is “highly offensive to an ordinary reasonable listener”.


Read more: For 27 years, the Kyle and Jackie O Show indulged Australia’s most vulgar, sexist impulses


It tells us a good deal about the attitude of the ARN network that it challenged the second condition on the grounds it was “unreasonable, inconsistent with the co-regulatory framework, uncertain in scope, and beyond the ACMA’s power”.

The ACMA has imposed it anyway, taking the chance that ARN will challenge it in the courts.

The fact it can even be argued that efforts to impose minimal standards of decency on a radio program are unreasonable and beyond the regulator’s power attests to the fundamental weakness of the law under which the ACMA operates, and the bankrupt state of the ARN network’s ethics.

The reference to the “co-regulatory framework” gives the game away. The ACMA must regulate collaboratively with the industry. It is a recipe for regulatory capture.

Two other conditions have also been imposed that affect the network more broadly.

These require the network to commission an independent audit of its governance framework to be completed within six months, and three months after that to provide the ACMA with a board-approved plan to implement the auditor’s recommendations.

ACMA chair Nerida O’Loughlin says the extra conditions mean further breaches will attract stronger enforcement action than had previously been available.

Perhaps.

ARN has made a statement to the stock exchange saying it respects the ACMA decision and will “consider options”. It also claims to have taken steps to ensure compliance.

But so far the only real consequences occurred when the presenters took matters into their own hands and self-destructed.

Sandilands, meanwhile, is under suspension for breaching his contract by engaging in “serious misconduct” with his on-air verbal assault on Henderson on March 3, in the aftermath of which she said she could no longer work on the program.

However, she has since said she did not resign and has engaged lawyers after ARN terminated her $100 million ten-year contract.

The task facing Sandilands is to “remedy” the situation his outburst caused, presumably by luring Henderson back. He has until March 17 to accomplish this.

ref. Regulator slaps restrictions on Kyle and Jackie O if they ever return to radio. Will it make any difference? – https://theconversation.com/regulator-slaps-restrictions-on-kyle-and-jackie-o-if-they-ever-return-to-radio-will-it-make-any-difference-278415