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		<title>Mediawatch: Jailed Australian foreign correspondent’s life spread across the big screen</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2025/04/20/mediawatch-jailed-australian-foreign-correspondents-life-spread-across-the-big-screen/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Report]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Apr 2025 02:19:35 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[By Colin Peacock, RNZ Mediawatch presenter In 1979, Sam Neill appeared in an Australian comedy movie about hacks on a Sydney newspaper. The Journalist was billed as “a saucy, sexy, funny look at a man with a nose for scandal and a weakness for women”. That would probably not fly these days — but as ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>By <a href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/authors/colin-peacock" rel="nofollow">Colin Peacock</a>, <a href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/mediawatch" rel="nofollow">RNZ Mediawatch</a></em> <em>presenter</em></p>
<p>In 1979, Sam Neill appeared in an Australian comedy movie about hacks on a Sydney newspaper.</p>
<p><em><a href="https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/the-screen-guide/t/the-journalist-1979/487/" rel="nofollow">The Journalist</a></em> was billed as “a saucy, sexy, funny look at a man with a nose for scandal and a weakness for women”.</p>
<p>That would probably not fly these days — but as a rule, movies about Australian journalists are no laughing matter.</p>
<p>Back in 1982, a young Mel Gibson starred as a foreign correspondent who was dropped into Jakarta during revolutionary chaos in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/09/the-year-of-living-dangerously-rewatched-linda-hunt-unforgettable" rel="nofollow"><em>The Year of Living Dangerously</em></a>. The 1967 events the movie depicted were real enough, but Mel Gibson’s correspondent Guy Hamilton was made up for what was essentially a romantic drama.</p>
<p>There was no romance and a lot more real life 25 years later in <a href="https://www.flicks.co.nz/movie/balibo/" rel="nofollow"><em>Balibo</em></a>, another movie with Australian journalists in harm’s way during Indonesian upheaval.</p>
<p>Anthony La Paglia had won awards for his performance as Roger East, a journalist killed in what was then East Timor — now Timor-Leste — in December 1975. East was killed while investigating the fate of five other journalists — including <a href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/balibo-movie-opens-old-wounds/WRPECFOY766RG6TJRKUAIOWXCE/" rel="nofollow">New Zealander Guy Cunningham</a> — who was killed during the Indonesian invasion two months earlier.</p>
<p><em>The Correspondent</em> has a happier ending but is still a tough watch — especially for its subject.</p>
<p><strong>Met in London newsrooms</strong><br />I first met Peter Greste in newsrooms in London about 30 years ago. He had worked for Reuters, CNN, and the BBC — going on to become a BBC correspondent in Afghanistan.</p>
<p>He later reported from Belgrade, Santiago, and then Nairobi, from where he appeared regularly on RNZ’s <em>Nine to Noon</em> as an African news correspondent. Greste later joined the English-language network of the Doha-based Al Jazeera and became a worldwide story himself while filling in as the correspondent in Cairo.</p>
<div class="photo-captioned photo-captioned-full photo-cntr eight_col">
<figure class="wp-caption alignnone"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Actor Richard Roxburgh as jailed journalist Peter Greste in The Correspondent alongside Al Jazeera colleagues Mohammed Fahmy and Baher Mohammed. Image: The Correspondent/RNZ</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p>Greste and two Egyptian colleagues, Baher Mohamed and Mohamed Fahmy, were arrested in late 2013 on trumped-up charges of aiding and abetting the Muslim Brotherhood, an organisation labeled “terrorist” by the new Egyptian regime of the time.</p>
<p>Six months later he was sentenced to seven years in jail for “falsifying news” and smearing the reputation of Egypt itself. Mohamed was sentenced to 10 years.</p>
<p>Media organisations launched an international campaign for their freedom with the slogan “Journalism is not a crime”. Peter’s own family became familiar faces in the media while working hard for his release too.</p>
<p>Peter Greste was deported to Australia in February 2015. The deal stated he would serve the rest of his sentence there, but the Australian government did not enforce that. Instead, Greste became a professor of media and journalism, currently at Macquarie University in Sydney.</p>
<p><strong>Movie consultant</strong><br />Among other things, he has also been a consultant on <em>The Correspondent —</em> now in cinemas around New Zealand — with Richard Roxborough cast as Greste himself.</p>
<p>Greste <a href="https://www.smh.com.au/culture/movies/they-made-a-movie-about-my-prison-nightmare-i-watched-it-through-my-fingers-20250402-p5lomm.html" rel="nofollow">told <em>The Sydney Morning Herald</em></a> he had to watch it “through his fingers” at first.</p>
<figure id="attachment_29397" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-29397" class="wp-caption alignnone"><figcaption id="caption-attachment-29397" class="wp-caption-text">Australian professor of journalism Peter Greste …. posing for a photograph when he was an Al Jazeera journalist in Kibati village, near Goma, in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo on 7 August 2013. Image: IFEX media freedom/APR</figcaption></figure>
<p>“I eventually came to realise it’s not me that’s up there on the screen. It’s the product of a whole bunch of creatives. And the result is … more like a painting rather than a photograph,” Greste told <em>Mediawatch</em>.</p>
<p>“Over the years I’ve written about it, I’ve spoken about it countless times. I’ve built a career on it. But I wasn’t really anticipating the emotional impact of seeing the craziness of my arrest, the confusion of that period, the claustrophobia of the cell, the sheer frustration of the crazy trial and the really discombobulating moment of my release.</p>
<p>“But there is another very difficult story about what happened to a colleague of mine in Somalia, which I haven’t spoken about publicly. Seeing that on screen was actually pretty gut-wrenching.”</p>
<p>In 2005, his BBC colleague Kate Peyton was shot alongside him on their first day in on assignment in Somalia. She died soon after.</p>
<p>“That was probably the toughest day of my entire life far over and above anything I went through in Egypt. But I am glad that they put it in [<em>The Correspondent</em>]. It underlines … the way in which journalism is under attack. What happened to us in Egypt wasn’t a random, isolated incident — but part of a much longer pattern we’re seeing continue to this day.”</p>
<div class="photo-captioned photo-captioned-half photo-right four_col">
<figure class="wp-caption alignnone"><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Supporters of the jailed British-Egyptian human rights activist Alaa Abd el-Fattah take part in a candlelight vigil outside Downing Street in London, United Kingdom, as he begins a complete hunger strike while world leaders arrive for COP27 climate summit in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2022. Image: RNZ Mediawatch/AFP</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<p><strong>‘Owed his life’</strong><br />Greste says he “owes his life” to fellow prisoner Alaa Abd El-Fattah — an Egyptian activist who is also in the film.</p>
<p>“There’s a bit of artistic licence in the way it was portrayed but . . .  he is easily one of the most intelligent, astute and charismatic humanitarians I’ve ever come across. He was one of the main pro-democracy activists who was behind the Arab Spring revolution in 2011 — a true democrat.</p>
<p>“He also inspired me to write the letters that we smuggled out of prison that described our arrest not as an attack on … what we’d actually come to represent. And that was press freedom.</p>
<p>“That helped frame the campaign that ultimately got me out. So, for both psychological and political reasons, I feel like I owe him my life.</p>
<p>“There was nothing in our reporting that confirmed the allegations against us. So I started to drag up all sorts of demons from the past. I started thinking maybe this is the universe punishing me for sins of the past. I was obviously digging up that particular moment as one of the most extreme and tragic moments. It took a long time for me to get past it.</p>
<p>“He’d been in prison a lot because of his activism, so he understood the psychology of it. He also understood the politics of it in ways that I could never do as a newcomer.”</p>
<p>“Unfortunately, he is still there. He should have been released on September 29th last year. His mother launched a hunger strike in London . . . so I actually joined her on hunger strike earlier this year to try and add pressure.</p>
<p>“If this movie also draws a bit of attention to his case, then I think that’s an important element.”</p>
<p><strong>Another wrinkle</strong><br />Another wrinkle in the story was the situation of his two Egyptian Al Jazeera colleagues.</p>
<p>Greste was essentially a stranger to them, having only arrived in Egypt shortly before their arrest.</p>
<p>The film shows Greste clashing with Fahmy, who later sued Al Jazeera. Fahmy felt the international pressure to free Greste was making their situation worse by pushing the Egyptian regime into a corner.</p>
<p>“To call it a confrontation is probably a bit of an understatement. We had some really serious arguments and sometimes they got very, very heated. But I want audiences to really understand Fahmy’s worldview in this film.</p>
<p>“He and I had very different understandings of what was going … and how those differences played out.</p>
<p>“I’ve got a hell of a lot of respect for him. He is like a brother to me. That doesn’t mean we always agreed with each other and doesn’t mean we always got on with each other like any siblings, I suppose.”</p>
<p>His colleagues were eventually released on bail shortly after Greste’s deportation in 2015.</p>
<p>Fahmy renounced his Egyptian citizenship and was later deported to Canada, while Mohamed was released on bail and eventually pardoned.</p>
<p><strong>Retrial — all ‘reconvicted’</strong><br />“After I was released there was a retrial … and we were all reconvicted. They were finally released and pardoned, but the pardon didn’t extend to me.</p>
<p>“I can’t go back because I’m still a convicted ‘terrorist’ and I still have an outstanding prison sentence to serve, which is a little bit weird. Any country that has an extradition treaty with Egypt is a problem. There are a fairly significant number of those across the Middle East and Africa.”</p>
<p>Greste told <em>Mediawatch</em> his conviction was even flagged in transit in Auckland en route from New York to Sydney. He was told he failed a character test.</p>
<p>“I was able to resolve it. I had some friends in Canberra and were able to sort it out, but I was told in no uncertain terms I’m not allowed into New Zealand without getting a visa because of that criminal record.</p>
<p>“If I’m traveling to any country I have to say … I was convicted on terrorism offences. Generally speaking, I can explain it, but it often takes a lot of bureaucratic process to do that.”</p>
<p>Greste’s first account of his time in jail — <em>The First Casualty —</em> was published in 2017. Most of the book was about media freedom around the world, lamenting that the numbers of journalists jailed and killed increased after his release.</p>
<p>Something that Greste also now ponders a lot in his current job as a professor of media and journalism.</p>
<p>Ten years on from that, it is worse again. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) says at least 124 journalists and media workers were killed last year, nearly two-thirds of them Palestinians killed by Israel in its war in Gaza.</p>
<p>The book has now been updated and republished as <em>The Correspondent</em>.</p>
<p><em>This article is republished under a community partnership agreement with RNZ</em>.</p>
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		<title>Women-led protests in Iran gather momentum – but will they be enough to bring about change?</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2022/10/14/women-led-protests-in-iran-gather-momentum-but-will-they-be-enough-to-bring-about-change/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Report]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 Oct 2022 10:17:55 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[ANALYSIS: By Tony Walker, La Trobe University As protests in Iran drag on into their fourth week over the violent death in custody of Mahsa Amini, a young Kurdish woman, there are two central questions. The first is whether these protests involving women and girls across Iran are different from upheavals in the past, or ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>ANALYSIS:</strong> <em>By <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tony-walker-313396" rel="nofollow">Tony Walker</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/la-trobe-university-842" rel="nofollow">La Trobe University</a></em></p>
<p>As protests in Iran drag on into their fourth week over the violent death in custody of <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/irans-protests-are-the-first-counterrevolution-led-by-women" rel="nofollow">Mahsa Amini</a>, a young Kurdish woman, there are two central questions.</p>
<p>The first is whether these protests involving women and girls across Iran are different from upheavals in the past, or will simply end the same way with the regime stifling a popular uprising.</p>
<p>The second question is what can, and should, the outside world do about extraordinarily brave demonstrations against an ageing and ruthless regime that has shown itself to be unwilling, and possibly unable, to allow greater freedoms?</p>
<p>The symbolic issue for Iran’s protest movement is a requirement, imposed by morality police, that women and girls wear the hijab, or headscarf. In reality, these protests are the result of a much wider revolt against discrimination and prejudice.</p>
<p>Put simply, women are fed up with a regime that has sought to impose rigid rules on what is, and is not, permissible for women in a theocratic society whose guidelines are little changed since the overthrow of the Shah in 1979.</p>
<p>Women are serving multi-year jail sentences for simply refusing to wear the hijab.</p>
<p>Two other issues are also at play. One is the economic deprivation suffered by Iranians under the weight of persistent sanctions, rampant inflation and the continuing catastrophic decline in the value of the Iranian riyal.</p>
<p>The other issue is the fact Mahsa Amini, the 22-year-old whose death sparked the protests, was a Kurd.</p>
<p>The Kurds, who constitute about 10 percent of Iran’s 84 million population, feel themselves to be a persecuted minority. Tensions between the central government in Tehran and Kurds in their homeland on the boundaries of Iraq, Syria and Turkey are endemic.</p>
<p><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EZMvrkU_eEY?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen">[embedded content]</iframe><br /><em>A BBC report  on the Mahsa Amini protests.</em></p>
<p>Another important question is where all this leaves negotiations on the revival of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" rel="nofollow">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> (JCPOA). The JCPOA had been aimed at freezing Iran’s nuclear weapons ambitions.</p>
<p>Former President Donald Trump recklessly abandoned the 2015 agreement in 2018.</p>
<p>The Biden administration, along with its United Nations Security Council partners plus Germany, had been making progress in those negotiations, but those efforts are now stalled, if not frozen.</p>
<p>The spectacle of Iranian security forces violently putting down demonstrations in cities, towns and villages across Iran will make it virtually impossible in the short term for the US and its negotiating partners to negotiate a revised JCPOA with Tehran.</p>
<p>Russia’s use of <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-use-of-iranian-kamikaze-drones-creates-new-dangers-for-ukrainian-troops-11663415140" rel="nofollow">Iranian-supplied “kamikaze” drones</a> against Ukrainian targets will have further soured the atmosphere.</p>
<p><strong>How will the US and its allies respond?<br /></strong> So will the US and its allies continue to tighten Iranian sanctions? And to what extent will the West seek to encourage and support protesters on the ground in Iran?</p>
<p>One initiative that is already underway is helping the protest movement to circumvent regime attempts to shut down electronic communications.</p>
<p>Elon Musk <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/musk-says-activating-starlink-response-blinken-internet-freedom-iran-2022-09-23/" rel="nofollow">has announced</a> he is activating his Starlink satellites to provide a vehicle for social media communications in Iran. Musk did the same thing in Ukraine to get around Russian attempts to shut down Ukrainian communications by taking out a European satellite system.</p>
<p>However, amid the spectacle of women and girls being shot and tear-gassed on Iranian streets, the moral dilemma for the outside world is this: how far the West is prepared to go in its backing for the protesters.</p>
<figure class="wp-caption alignnone c2"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" sizes="auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=397&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=397&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=397&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=499&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=499&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489300/original/file-20221012-14-inn17m.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=499&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" alt="There have also been pro-government Iranian rallies in response" width="600" height="397"/><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">Since the Iranian protests began there have also been pro-government rallies in response. Image: Abedin Taherkenareh/EPA/AAP</figcaption></figure>
<p>It is one thing to express sympathy; it is another to take concrete steps to support the widespread agitation. This was also the conundrum during the Arab Spring of 2010 that brought down regimes in US-friendly countries like Egypt and Tunisia.</p>
<p>It should not be forgotten, in light of contemporary events, that Iran and Russia propped up Syria’s Assad regime during the Arab Spring, saving it from a near certain end.</p>
<p>In this latest period, the Middle East may not be on fire, as it was a decade or so ago, but it remains highly unstable. Iran’s neighbour, Iraq, is effectively without a government after months of violent agitation.</p>
<p>The war in Yemen is threatening to spark up again, adding to uncertainties in the Gulf.</p>
<p>In a geopolitical sense, Washington has to reckon with inroads Moscow has been making in relations with Gulf States, including, notably Saudi Arabia.</p>
<p>The recent OPEC Plus decision to <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/10/06/opec-production-cut-recession-europe/" rel="nofollow">limit oil production</a> constituted a slap to the US ahead of the mid-term elections in which fuel prices will be a potent issue.</p>
<p>In other words, Washington’s ability to influence events in the Middle East is eroding, partly as a consequence of a disastrous attempt to remake the region by going to war in Iraq in 2003.</p>
<figure class="wp-caption alignnone c2"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" sizes="auto, (min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/489297/original/file-20221012-12-dh8fn2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" alt="The US’s ability to influence the Middle East now much weaker" width="600" height="400"/><figcaption class="wp-caption-text">The US’s ability to influence the Middle East is much weaker than before it went to war in Iraq in 2003. Image: Susan Walsh/AP/AAP</figcaption></figure>
<p><strong>A volatile region</strong><br />Among the consequences of that misjudgement is the empowerment of Iran in conjunction with a Shia majority in Iraq. This should have been foreseen.</p>
<p>So quite apart from the waves of protest in Iran, the region is a tinderbox with multiple unresolved conflicts.</p>
<p>In Afghanistan, on the fringes of the Middle East, women protesters have taken the lead in recent days from their Iranian sisters and have been protesting against conservative dress codes and limitations on access to education under the Taliban.</p>
<p>This returns us to the moral issue of the extent to which the outside world should support the protests. In this, the experience of the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jun/14/iran-tehran-election-results-riots" rel="nofollow">“green” rebellion of 2009</a> on Iran’s streets is relevant.</p>
<p>Then, the Obama administration, after initially giving encouragement to the demonstrations, pulled back on the grounds it did not wish to jeopardise negotiations on a nuclear deal with Iran or undermine the protests by attaching US support.</p>
<p>Officials involved in the administration, who are now back in the Biden White House, believe that approach was a mistake. However, that begs the question as to what practically the US and its allies can do to stop Iran’s assault on its own women and girls.</p>
<p>What if, as a consequence of Western encouragement to the demonstrators, many hundreds more die or are incarcerated?</p>
<p>What is the end result, beyond indulging in the usual rhetorical exercises such as expressing “concern” and threatening to ramp up sanctions that hurt individual Iranians more than the regime itself?</p>
<p>The bottom line is that irrespective of what might be the desired outcome, Iran’s regime is unlikely to crumble.</p>
<p>It might be shaken, it might entertain concerns that its own revolution that replaced the Shah is in danger of being replicated, but it would be naïve to believe that a rotting 43-year-old edifice would be anything but utterly ruthless in putting an end to the demonstrations.</p>
<p>This includes unrest in the oil industry, in which workers are expressing solidarity with the demonstrators. The oil worker protest will be concerning the regime, given the centrality of oil production to Iran’s economy.</p>
<p>However, a powerful women’s movement has been unleashed in Iran. Over time, this movement may well force a theocratic regime to loosen restrictions on women and their participation in the political life of the country. That is the hope, but as history has shown, a ruthless regime will stop at little to re-assert its control.<img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="c3" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/192165/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1"/></p>
<p><em>Dr <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tony-walker-313396" rel="nofollow">Tony Walker</a> is a vice-chancellor’s fellow, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/la-trobe-university-842" rel="nofollow">La Trobe University</a></em>. This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons licence. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/women-led-protests-in-iran-gather-momentum-but-will-they-be-enough-to-bring-about-change-192165" rel="nofollow">original article</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>9/11 killed it, but 20 years on global justice movement is poised for revival</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2021/09/12/9-11-killed-it-but-20-years-on-global-justice-movement-is-poised-for-revival/</link>
		
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		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Sep 2021 01:17:57 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[ANALYSIS: By Kalinga Seneviratne in Sydney Since the attacks on the United States by 15 Saudi Arabian Islamic fanatics on 11 September  2001 — now known as 9/11 —  the world has been divided by a “war on terror” with any protest group defined as “terrorists”. New anti-terror laws have been introduced both in the ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>ANALYSIS:</strong> <em>By Kalinga Seneviratne in Sydney</em></p>
<p>Since the attacks on the United States by 15 Saudi Arabian Islamic fanatics on 11 September  2001 — <a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/2021/09/11/fortress-usa-how-9-11-produced-a-military-industrial-juggernaut/" rel="nofollow">now known as 9/11</a> —  the world has been divided by a “war on terror” with any protest group defined as “terrorists”.</p>
<p>New anti-terror laws have been introduced both in the West and elsewhere in the past 20 years and used extensively to suppress such movements in the <a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/2021/09/11/fortress-usa-how-9-11-produced-a-military-industrial-juggernaut/" rel="nofollow">name of “national security”</a>.</p>
<p>It is interesting to note that the 9/11 attacks came at a time when a huge “global justice” movement was building up across the world against the injustices of globalisation.</p>
<p>Using the internet as the medium of mobilisation, they gathered in Seattle in 1999 and were successful in closing down the World Trade Organisation (WTO) meeting.</p>
<p>They opposed what they saw as large multinational corporations having unregulated political power, exercised through trade agreements and deregulated financial markets, facilitated by governments.</p>
<p>Their main targets were the WTO, International Monetary Fund (IMF), OECD, World Bank, and international trade agreements.</p>
<p>The movement brought “civil society” people from the North and the South together under common goals.</p>
<p><strong>Poorest country debts</strong><br />In parallel, the “Jubilee 2000” international movement led by liberal Christian and Catholic churches called for the cancellation of US$90 billion of debts owed by the world’s poorest nations to banks and governments in the West.</p>
<p>Along with the churches, youth groups, music, and entertainment industry groups were involved. The 9/11 attacks killed these movements as “national security” took precedence over “freedom to dissent”.</p>
<p>Dr Dayan Jayatilleka, a former vice-president of the UN Human Rights Council and a Sri Lankan political scientist, notes that when “capitalism turned neoliberal and went on the rampage” after the demise of the Soviet Union, resistance started to develop with the rise of the Zapatistas in Chiapas (Mexico) against NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) and culminating in the 1999 Seattle protests using a term coined by Cuban leader Fidel Castro “another world is possible”.</p>
<p>“All that came crashing down with the Twin Towers,” he notes. “With 9/11 the Islamic Jihadist opposition to the USA (and the war on terror) cut across and buried the progressive resistance we saw emerging in Chiapas and Seattle.”</p>
<p>Geoffrey Robertson QC, a British human rights campaigner and TV personality, warns: “9/11 panicked us into the ‘war on terror’ using lethal weapons of questionable legality which inspired more terrorists.</p>
<p>“Twenty years on, those same adversaries are back and we now have a fear of US perfidy—over Taiwan or ANZUS or whatever. There will be many consequences.”</p>
<p>But, he sees some silver lining that has come out of this “war on terror”.</p>
<p><strong>Targeted sanctions</strong><br />“One reasonably successful tactic developed in the war on terror was to use targeted sanctions on its sponsors. This has been developed by so-called ‘Magnitsky acts’, enabling the targeting of human rights abusers—31 democracies now have them and Australia will shortly be the 32nd.</p>
<p>“I foresee their coordination as part of the fightback—a war not on terror but state cruelty,” he told <em>In-Depth News</em>.</p>
<p>When asked about the US’s humiliation in Afghanistan, Dr Chandra Muzaffar, founder of the International Movement for a Just World told <em>IDN</em> that the West needed to understand that they too needed to stop funding terror to achieve their own agendas.</p>
<p>“The ‘war on terror’ was doomed to failure from the outset because those who initiated the war were not prepared to admit that it was their occupation and oppression that compelled others to retaliate through acts of terror.” he argues.</p>
<p>“Popular antagonism towards the occupiers was one of the main reasons for the humiliating defeat of the US and NATO in Afghanistan,” he added.</p>
<p>Looking at Western attempts to introduce democracy under the pretext of “war on terror” and the chaos created by the “Arab Spring”, a youth movement driven by Western-funded NGOs, Iranian-born Australian Farzin Yekta, who worked in Lebanon for 15 years as a community multimedia worker, argues that the Arab region needs a different democracy.</p>
<p>“In the Middle East, the nations should aspire to a system based on social justice rather than the Western democratic model. Corrupt political and economic apparatus, external interference and dysfunctional infrastructure are the main obstacles for moving towards establishing a system based on social justice,” he says, adding that there are signs of growing social movements being revived in the region while “resisting all kinds of attacks”.</p>
<p><strong>Palestinian refugee lessons</strong><br />Yekta told <em>IDN</em> that while working with Palestinian refugee groups in Lebanon he had seen how peoples’ movements could be undermined by so-called “civil society” NGOs.</p>
<p>“Alternative social movements are infested by ‘civil society’ institutions comprising primarily NGO institutions.</p>
<p>“‘Civil society’ is effective leverage for the establishment and foreign (Western) interference to pacify radical social movements. Social movements find themselves in a web of funded entities which push for ‘agendas’ drawn by funding buddies,” noted Yekta.</p>
<p>Looking at the failure of Western forces in Afghanistan, he argues that what they did by building up “civil society” was encouraging corruption and cronyism that is entangled in ethnic and tribal structures of society.</p>
<p>“The Western nation-building plan was limited to setting up a glasshouse pseudo-democratic space in the green zone part of Kabul.</p>
<p>“One just needed to go to the countryside to confront the utter poverty and lack of infrastructure,” Yekta notes.</p>
<p>”We need to understand that people’s struggle is occurring at places with poor or no infrastructure.”</p>
<p><strong>Social movements reviving</strong><br />Dr Jayatilleka also sees positive signs of social movements beginning to raise their heads after two decades of repression.</p>
<p>“Black Lives Matter drew in perhaps more young whites than blacks and constituted the largest ever protest movement in history. The globalised solidarity with the Palestinian people of Gaza, including large demonstrations in US cities, is further evidence.</p>
<p>“In Latin America, the left-populist Pink Tide 2.0 began with the victory of Lopez Obrador in Mexico and has produced the victory of Pedro Castillo in Peru.</p>
<p>“The slogan of justice, both individual and social, is more globalised, more universalised today, than ever before in my lifetime,” he told <em>IDN</em>.</p>
<p>There may be ample issues for peoples’ movements to take up with TPP (Transpacific Partnership) and RCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) trade agreements coming into force in Asia where companies would be able to sue governments if their social policies infringe on company profits.</p>
<p>But Dr Jayatilleka is less optimistic of social movements rising in Asia.</p>
<p><strong>Asian social inequities</strong><br />“Sadly, the social justice movement is considerably more complicated in Asia than elsewhere, though one would have assumed that given the social inequities in Asian societies, the struggle for social justice would be a torrent. It is not,” he argues.</p>
<p>“The brightest recent spark in Asia, according to Dr Jayatilleka, was the rise of the Nepali Communist Party to power through the ballot box after a protracted peoples’ war, but ‘sectarianism’ has led to the subsiding of what was the brightest hope for the social justice movement in Asia.”</p>
<p>Robertson feels that the time is ripe for the social movements suppressed by post 9/11 anti-terror laws to be reincarnated in a different life.</p>
<p>“The broader demand for social justice will revive, initially behind the imperative of dealing with climate change but then with tax havens, the power of multinationals, and the obscene inequalities in the world’s wealth.</p>
<p>“So, I do not despair of social justice momentum in the future,” he says.</p>
<p><em>Republished under Creative Commons partnership with IDN – In-Depth News.</em></p>
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		<title>Veronica Koman challenges Jakarta’s different stands on Burma and Papua</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2021/03/04/veronica-koman-challenges-jakartas-different-stands-on-burma-and-papua/</link>
		
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		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2021 21:17:58 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Report Human rights lawyer Veronica Koman has challenged the contrasting positions taken by the Indonesian government in response to calls to resolve the Papua problem and in its response to the military coup in Myanmar. Koman said Indonesia’s position on the Myanmar coup had been very good, but not its attitude on the ]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/" rel="nofollow"><em>Asia Pacific Report</em></a></p>
<p>Human rights lawyer Veronica Koman has challenged the contrasting positions taken by the Indonesian government in response to calls to resolve the Papua problem and in its response to the military coup in Myanmar.</p>
<p>Koman said Indonesia’s position on the Myanmar coup had been very good, but not its attitude on the Papua issue.</p>
<p>“It’s funny, Indonesia pays no attention to international pressure to resolve the conflict in Papua, but has the courage to stand up to Myanmar, which is actually a very good move”, said Koman during a webinar held by the Milk Tea Alliance Indonesia last Sunday.</p>
<p>Koman said the Indonesian public could not take a position of indifference in addressing the coup in Myanmar.</p>
<p>This is because, according to Koman, what has happened in Myanmar could well happen in Indonesia as well.</p>
<p>“I think that the problem of the coup d’etat in Myanmar is a mutual problem, it doesn’t mean that with the coup in Myanmar we as Indonesians can just be ambivalent, let alone our ASEAN neighbours, so it’s very important that Indonesia stands in solidarity [with the Burmese people],” she said.</p>
<p>“Because, what is happening in the region is actually very influential. Don’t consider it something inconsequential, because if we look at the Arab Spring it took place [across an entire] region.</p>
<p><strong>Militarism ‘can spread too’</strong><br />“Revolutions can spread, so why can’t militarism [too],” said Koman.</p>
<p>Koman noted that the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation (YLBHI) and the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence (Kontras) had stated that the military in Indonesia were becoming more of a problem because they were now taking part in guarding demonstrations by civil society.</p>
<p>According to Koman, the thing that actually differentiates Indonesia from Myanmar is only the coup itself.</p>
<p>“Actually it’s the same, just in Indonesia there hasn’t been an obvious coup d’etat, yet the military in Indonesia is already involved in civil [affairs] through regulations which allow the TNI [Indonesian military] at civil demonstrations,” said Koman.</p>
<p>Leaving this aside, Koman is calling on the Indonesian public to speak out in order to pressure the government to take a firmer stand on the Myanmar coup d’etat.</p>
<p>Koman said that this represents a moment for the people of Southeast Asia to rise up against undemocratic tendencies in the region.</p>
<p>“Because there is something which is known in international circles as the ASEAN way, and this has been criticised by many people, it means just staying quiet as if they support each other’s non-democracies,” she said.</p>
<p><em>Translated by James Balowski for IndoLeft News. The original title of the article was <a href="https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210228231947-32-611964/veronica-koman-singgung-sikap-ri-di-isu-papua-dan-myanmar" rel="nofollow">“Veronica Koman Singgung Sikap RI di Isu Papua dan Myanmar”</a>.</em></p>
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		<title>Tributes flow for NZ’s Arab Spring journalist Yasmine Ryan</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2017/12/15/tributes-flow-for-nzs-arab-spring-journalist-yasmine-ryan/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pacific Media Centre]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Dec 2017 11:00:21 +0000</pubDate>
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<div readability="33"><a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Yasmine-Ryan-1982-2017-680-wide.png" data-caption="Yasmine Ryan ... a "global" freelance journalist who died tragically in Turkey last month. Image: PMW" rel="nofollow"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="680" height="695" itemprop="image" class="entry-thumb td-modal-image" src="https://asiapacificreport.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Yasmine-Ryan-1982-2017-680-wide.png" alt="" title="Yasmine Ryan 1982-2017 680-wide"/></a>Yasmine Ryan &#8230; a &#8220;global&#8221; freelance journalist who died tragically in Turkey last month. Image: PMW</div>



<div readability="94.652014652015">


<p><em><a href="http://www.pacmediawatch.aut.ac.nz" rel="nofollow">Pacific Media Watch</a> Newsdesk</em></p>




<p>New Zealand journalist Yasmine Ryan, credited with being the first reporter writing in English about the Arab Spring from her base in Tunisia, has been farewelled at a funeral held in Auckland today, reports <a href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/99846575/funeral-held-in-auckland-for-new-zealand-journalist-yasmine-ryan" rel="nofollow">Stuff</a>.</p>




<p>Ryan <a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/2017/12/01/journalist-yasmine-ryans-death-in-istanbul-fall-shocks-colleagues/" rel="nofollow">died in Turkey at the age of 35</a> after reportedly falling from the fifth storey of a friend’s apartment building in Istanbul on November 30.</p>




<p>Friends and family gathered at St Patrick’s Cathedral in Auckland to farewell the much-loved and respected journalist.</p>




<p>Yasmine’s mother, Deborah, spoke during the service of her daughter’s goodwill in the field of journalism.</p>




<p>“She believed in journalism, she believed in good journalism,” she said. “She did everything for women in journalism, did everything for everybody.</p>




<p>“She [Yasmine] died doing what she loved most.”</p>




<div class="td-a-rec td-a-rec-id-content_inlineleft td-rec-hide-on-m td-rec-hide-on-tl td-rec-hide-on-tp td-rec-hide-on-p">


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<p class="c2"><small>-Partners-</small></p>


</div>


</div>




<p>The freelancer previously worked for Al Jazeera when she was covering the Arab Spring, and was later a fellow of the World Press Institute visiting the United States in 2016.</p>




<p><strong>International award</strong><br />She won an International Award for Excellence in Journalism in 2010 for a story about Algerian boat migrants.</p>




<p>She also worked as an online producer and video journalist for the <em>International Herald Tribune, The New York Times</em>, and in New Zealand with independent news agency <em>Scoop</em>.</p>




<p>She also contributed to <em>Pacific Scoop</em> and <em>Pacific Journalism Review</em>.</p>




<p>Friends and colleagues described her as a “selfless human” and “a fearless woman”.</p>




<p>Investigative journalist Selwyn Manning, who worked with Ryan at <em>Scoop</em>, said <a href="https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/asia/99429471/Kiwi-journalist-Yasmine-Ryan-dies-after-falling-from-building-in-Turkey" rel="nofollow">“the world is a better place because of her”</a>.</p>




<p>He said: “It takes a lot to sink in. You see someone who has got such youth, zest and professionalism, who has so much to offer, and it is just a significant loss from so many angles,” he said.</p>




<p>Ryan was co-author with Manning and Katie Small of <em><a href="http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/collection/object/am_library-catalogq40-85033" rel="nofollow">I Almost Forgot About the Moon</a>,</em> a book about the human rights campaign in support of Algerian asylum seeker Ahmed Zaoui and his family’s right to stay in New Zealand.</p>




<p>Theologian Zaoui was at the ecumenical funeral today where he said prayers in Arabic for Ryan.</p>




<p>Te Reo Māori and Hebrew prayers were also given at the funeral with Monsignor Bernard Kiely as celebrant.</p>




<p>A <a href="https://givealittle.co.nz/cause/for-yasmine-ryans-family" rel="nofollow">GiveALittle page</a> set up by Jacinta Forde, who works at the University of Waikato with Ryan’s father, said her dad had “left on the first plane to Turkey … to bring her back home to New Zealand”.</p>




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<p>Article by <a href="http://www.asiapacificreport.nz/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">AsiaPacificReport.nz</a></p>

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		<title>Tribute to a NZ media mentor: How Yasmine Ryan taught me how to write</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2017/12/04/tribute-to-a-nz-media-mentor-how-yasmine-ryan-taught-me-how-to-write/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pacific Media Centre]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 03 Dec 2017 23:02:44 +0000</pubDate>
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<p><em>Yasmine Ryan, an award-winning New Zealand journalist who died tragically on Thursday, was the first Western journalist to begin writing about the beginning of the Arab Spring in Tunisia in 2011. This video interview was with media commentator Gavin Ellis last month. Video: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?w=1465&#038;v=xLkvJMovQXo" rel="nofollow">The Spinoff</a><br /></em></p>




<p><em>By Murat Sofuoglu in Istanbul</em></p>




<p>I have no idea how to say goodbye to Yasmine Ryan. It’s been two days since she passed away here in Istanbul. My mind is flooded with memories of her and it’s incredibly hard to stop thinking about her.</p>




<p>I met Yasmine in Istanbul last December. She was new to the city, hoping to start another chapter of her career as a senior features editor at <a href="https://www.trtworld.com/" rel="nofollow">TRT World</a>. She handpicked a team of reporters for the Magazine section and I happened to be one of them.</p>




<p>I had almost no experience in narrative writing. But as Yasmine came in to her element, I felt I was in safe hands.</p>




<p>A woman with a gentle soul and generous heart, Yasmine never hesitated from helping journalists like me. In the first month, I found myself struggling to craft a compact feature length article, even though over time I had developed a comprehensive understanding over many social and political issues.</p>




<p>She mentored me for almost a year. Though her editorial touch was tender, she was bold enough to test my abilities. If my story lacked a strong introduction, she would tell me straight, “Murat, you need to rewrite your introduction.”</p>




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<p class="c2"><small>-Partners-</small></p>


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<p>If a story lacked coherent framing, she would ask me to report more until I felt confident enough to write about the subject.</p>




<p>She edited tirelessly, fact-checked stories and sent notes until she felt certain that the piece had all the essential details necessary for a strong feature.</p>




<p><strong>Fixing errors</strong><br />She never showed any discomfort while fixing errors in my drafts and often responded with refined questions and solutions as well. Even when pointing out flaws in the copy I felt like she was gently tapping my head, not taking a sledgehammer to my work, to teach me what was wrong with my writing.</p>




<p>When I wrote long articles, which sometimes crossed the 2500-word mark, she would put her left hand on her forehead and say “Oh my God!” But she was always quick to lift my mood with a smile.</p>




<p>“Okay, we’ll take care it,” she would say.</p>




<p>She never antagonised me or “killed” my piece.</p>




<p>When it came to editing a sentence, she never touched or altered my voice as a writer, which is a core part of any writer’s identity.</p>




<p>She was respectful toward peoples’ voices and identities. She was proud of her family history, and her Irish-Catholic roots. She often recounted the story of her great grandparents, who survived British brutalities during World War I.</p>




<p>She perceived the British Empire’s so-called assimilation policy as a tool to erase Irish identity. Perhaps that’s what informed her careful approach as an editor that preferred to give weight to the writer’s voice, and not to general elements of style.</p>




<p><strong>Armed with facts</strong><br />Yasmine encouraged us to improve, insisting that we write more, and to always be armed with facts. She taught me that there was no shame in getting it wrong, as long as we were ready to work towards making it right.</p>




<p>On some occasions, I felt I had a valid point in my argument, but would later realise I was wrong and she was right.</p>




<p>Now with the news of her death, I wish I could be wrong one more time.</p>




<p>More than making me a better writer, she has made me a better person.</p>




<p>I still find it hard to comrehend, or process, that she’s no more. We are not only deprived of her brilliant journalism but also of her generosity and selflessness.</p>




<p>To know she’s gone forever, feels like a life sentence. We should feel sorry for ourselves, not for her. The world is certainly not a better place without her.</p>




<p>I pray her great spirit enlightens us forever.</p>




<p>Rest in peace, Yasmine.</p>




<p>And please forgive us.</p>




<p><em>Murat Sofuoglu</em> <em>is a journalist with TRT World and tweets at <a href="https://twitter.com/@Readingavenue" rel="nofollow">@Readingavenue.</a></em></p>




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<p>Article by <a href="http://www.asiapacificreport.nz/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">AsiaPacificReport.nz</a></p>

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		<title>Family of Inspiring Journalist Yasmine Ryan Issue Details of her Memorials</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2017/12/03/family-of-inspiring-journalist-yasmine-ryan-issue-details-of-her-memorials/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Selwyn Manning]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 02 Dec 2017 21:43:15 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Arab Spring]]></category>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>				<![CDATA[<center><strong>* <a href="https://www.facebook.com/coalitionforwomeninjournalism/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Click here for video of Yasmine&#8217;s memorial in Istanbul<br />(it streamed live from 2pm Sunday Istanbul time on Sunday Dec 4)</a> *</strong></center>
<strong>Family of Inspiring Journalist Yasmine Ryan Issue Details of her Memorials</strong>
<center>
https://youtu.be/xLkvJMovQXo
<small>This video interview was recorded in Auckland by Dr <a href="https://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&#038;rct=j&#038;q=&#038;esrc=s&#038;source=web&#038;cd=1&#038;cad=rja&#038;uact=8&#038;ved=0ahUKEwj3q-SmtuzXAhVJxbwKHTedAo0QFggnMAA&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arts.auckland.ac.nz%2Fpeople%2Fgell002&#038;usg=AOvVaw02Zoy5TZiQ_wsJ6R0cF2c6" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Gavin Ellis</a> while Yasmine was in New Zealand in October, 2017.</small></center><br />&#8212;</br>


<p><strong>THE FIRST OF THREE MEMORIALS</strong> for courageous and inspiring journalist, Yasmine Ryan, will be held in <b>Istanbul</b> at the Conrad Hotel on Sunday, 3 December between 2-3pm. A second memorial is due to be held in <b>Tunis</b> (date and location yet to be confirmed).</p>




<p>
A memorial will also be held in <b>London</b>, United Kingdom on Monday 11 December from 5:30pm-7pm, exact location TBD.</p>


Her family hopes the memorials honour the life and work of their wonderful and talented daughter, sister and friend. They wish to take the time to honour Yasmine’s life in the cities she spent a significant amount of time so her global family of friends have time to say goodbye.
Yasmine will be brought home to New Zealand where a service will be held in the near future.
Yasmine&#8217;s father Tom Ryan is currently in Istanbul Turkey. He has met with colleagues and friends of Yasmine who were with her the past week. He has also met with the Turkish authorities. Yasmine’s family want it to be known that her death is not considered to be suspicious.
This is a very difficult time for the family and they ask for privacy to grieve.


<p><strong>* <a href="https://givealittle.co.nz/cause/for-yasmine-ryans-family" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" rel="nofollow">Givealittle page for contributions to Yasmine Ryan’s family</a> *</strong></p>




<p><strong>* <a href="http://www.kiwipolitico.com/2017/12/goodbye-to-a-good-soul/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Goodbye to a good soul &#8211; by Paul G. Buchanan</a> (KiwiPolitico) *</strong></p>




<p><strong>* <a href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/2017/12/01/journalist-yasmine-ryans-death-in-istanbul-fall-shocks-colleagues/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Journalist Yasmine Ryan’s death in Istanbul fall shocks colleagues</a> (AsiaPacificReport.nz) *</strong></p>

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		<title>Arab Spring opened some media freedoms in spite of the overall clampdowns, shows researcher</title>
		<link>https://eveningreport.nz/2016/12/15/arab-spring-opened-some-media-freedoms-in-spite-of-the-overall-clampdowns-shows-researcher/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pacific Media Centre]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Dec 2016 21:20:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Arab Spring]]></category>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>				<![CDATA[Article by <a href="http://www.asiapacificreport.nz/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">AsiaPacificReport.nz</a>

<p>

<p>The Arab Spring opened the door to some greater freedoms in Middle East news media and some social change in spite of reverses from the political upheaval in the region.</p>



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<p>In a study of four countries in the Middle East in the period immediately following the Arab Spring in 2010-2012 — Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen,  Majid A. Al Zowaimil argues the scrutiny of the media in terms of government power structures was a measure of some success for the revolution.</p>




<p>Al Zowaimil graduated yesterday with his Master of Communication Studies thesis, entitled <a href="http://www.pmc.aut.ac.nz/research/after-arab-spring-analysis-future-journalism-middle-east">After the Arab Spring: An analysis of the future of Journalism in the Middle East</a>, which was completed under the umbrella of the Pacific Media Centre in AUT’s School of Communication Studies.</p>




<p>“The findings of this study not only examine the state of journalism within a shifting social and political climate in the Middle East, but also question how we measure social change with regards to freedom of expression and the presence of democracy,” he says.</p>




<p>“Examining the treatment of journalism prior to the Arab uprisings suggested the urgent need for restructuring systems of power that governed the lives of citizens living in Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen.</p>




<p>“Prior to the uprisings, restrictions on journalism deliberately limited communication between state governance and the civilian population,” Al Zowaimil wrote.</p>




<p>Journalism in the Middle East had long suffered from the effect of autocratic and corrupt political regimes, which saw control of the media as being vital to their continued ability to exert power over their nations.</p>




<p><strong>Significant factors</strong><br />However, following the Arab Spring uprisings, there had been a marked increase in the number of governments willing to give their press freedom to report, even to the point of criticising the actions of the current government.</p>




<p>“This has removed one of the most significant factors influencing the quality and objectivity of journalists in the Middle East.”</p>




<p>“However, there are still other significant issues which remain, including the volatile political situation, the subtle influence of political parties or what is referred to as ‘deep state’, and the level of conflict which exists in the region as a whole.”</p>




<p>Al Zowaimil interviewed 11 prominent journalists from the four Middle East and North Africa (MENA) member countries.</p>




<p>External reports from international organisations such as Freedom House, Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), and the Freedom Online Coalition (FOC) were also used to judge participants’ commentaries in the evidence-based research.</p>




<p>Findings showed that considerable challenges still remain even after the end of the Arab Spring events.</p>




<p>Al Zowaimil writes that it was clear that the Arab Spring altered the social climate of all of these nations in one way or another, however the positive impact this may have had on press freedom is inconsistent, when comparing all four nations.</p>




<p>Political power fluctuations, deep state, absence of government, and civil institutions’ role have contributed to empowering or denying journalism and press freedom in Middle East since the end of the uprisings.</p>




<p>Measuring shifts that have occurred in media, as a civil institution after a social revolution, would be a crucial factor on deciding whether such revolution has achieved its ultimate goals, argues Al Zowaimil.</p>




<p><a href="http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/10210" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The full thesis</a></p>


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